Intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, changes in duodenal and fecal microbiota, and their associations with alcoholic liver disease progression in humans
Open accessAbstract
Background Animal data suggest a role of the gut-liver axis in progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but human data are scarce especially for early disease stages.Methods We included patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who follow a rehabilitation program and matched healthy controls. We determined intestinal epithelial and vascular permeability (IP) (using urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, fecal albumin content, and immunohistochemistry in distal duodenal biopsies), epithelial damage (histology, serum iFABP, and intestinal gene expression), and microbial translocation (Gram – and Gram + serum markers by ELISA). Duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota and fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. ALD was staged by Fibroscan® (liver stiffness, controlled attenuation parameter) in combination with serum AST, ALT, and CK18-M65.Results Only a subset of AUD patients had increased 51Cr-EDTA and fecal albumin together with disrupted tight junctions and vasculature expression of plasmalemma Vesicle-Associated Protein-1. The so-defined increased intestinal permeability was not related to changes of the duodenal microbiota or alterations of the intestinal epithelium but associated with compositional changes of the fecal microbiota. Leaky gut alone did not explain increased microbial translocation in AUD patients. By contrast, duodenal dysbiosis with a dominance shift toward specific potential pathogenic bacteria genera (Streptococcus, Shuttleworthia, Rothia), increased IP and elevated markers of microbial translocation characterized AUD patients with progressive ALD (steato-hepatitis, steato-fibrosis).Conclusion Progressive ALD already at early disease stages is associated with duodenal mucosa-associated dysbiosis and elevated microbial translocation. Surprisingly, such modifications were not linked with increased IP. Rather, increased IP appears related to fecal microbiota dysbiosis.
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Alcoholic liver disease is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis.
“Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis,113, 114, 115”
From Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
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Zhong, X., Cui, P., Jiang, J., Ning, C., Liang, B., Zhou, J., Li, T., Zhang, Y., Lei, T., Zuo, T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.649060 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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Bacterial translocation occurs early in cirrhosis and triggers a selective inflammatory response
Simbrunner, B., Caparrós, E., Neuwirth, T., Schwabl, P., Königshofer, P., Bauer, D. J. M., Marculescu, R., Trauner, M. A., Scheiner, B., Stary, G., et al. (2023) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-023-10496-y · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Amadieu, C., Coste, V., Neyrinck, A. M., Thijssen, V., Leyrolle, Q., Bindels, L. B., Piessevaux, H. H., Stärkel, P., de Timary, P., Delzenne, N. M., et al. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.2007042 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationIntestinal virome in patients with alcohol use disorder and after abstinence
Hsu, C. L., Zhang, X., Jiang, L., Lang, S., Hartmann, P., Pride, D. T., Fouts, D. E., Stärkel, P., & Schnabl, B. (2022) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1947 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Additionally, serum intact cytokeratin 18 (CK18- M65) was measured using the CK18- M65 enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay kit (TECOmedical AG, Sissach, Switzerland) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.[18]”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationGut Barrier and Microbiota in Cirrhosis
Philips, C. A., & Augustine, P. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2021.08.027 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Role of Gut Bacteria and Fungi in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Chen, L., Zhu, Y., Hou, X., Yang, L., & Chu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.840752 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Leakage of intestinal vascular endothelia has been observed in experimental ALD mice and patients with ALD (18, 19).”
BackgroundZhang, N., Gou, Y., Liang, S., Chen, N., Liu, Y., He, Q., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2021/4973589 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“The effect of microbial translocation on cirrhosis was well studied [10], but was not researched in HCC.”
BackgroundInfluentialWu, S., Wen, F., Zhong, X., Du, W., Chen, M., & Wang, J. (2023) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2216942 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“composition of gut microbiota in patients with ALD have altered [7].”
BackgroundZafari, N., Velayati, M., Fahim, M., Maftouh, M., Pourali, G., Khazaei, M., Nassiri, M., Hassanian, S. M., Ghayour‐Mobarhan, M., Ferns, G. A., et al. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120760 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Inflammation in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets
Feng, D., Hwang, S., Guillot, A., Wang, Y., Guan, Y., Chen, C., Maccioni, L., & Gao, B. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.04.009 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“…mediators of the gut-liver axis during ALD, 23 such as disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, 24 reduction of duodenal immune effector cell types (eg, macrophages, CD8 þ T resident memory lymphocytes), 25,26 changes in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis), 27 and bile acid alterations.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdvances in the understanding and management of alcohol-related liver disease
Thursz, M. R., & Lingford-Hughes, A. R. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077090 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“31 Epithelial cells in the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract metabolise alcohol to acetaldehyde, which may damage the cell, but lack the ability to convert this to relatively inert acetate.”
BackgroundThe role of gut microbiota, exosomes, and their interaction in the pathogenesis of ALD
Cheng, Z., Yang, L., & Chu, H. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The gut mycobiome: a novel player in chronic liver diseases
Jiang, L., Stärkel, P., Fan, J., Fouts, D. E., Bächer, P., & Schnabl, B. (2020) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-020-01740-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients with simple steatosis or progressive ALD [86] as well as in patients with alco-”
BackgroundSelf-citationKaufmann, B. K., Seyfried, N., Hartmann, D., & Hartmann, P. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2023 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wolstenholme, J. T. (2024) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v44.1.01 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mak, K. M., & Shekhar, A. C. (2024) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.25562 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The relationship between intestinal permeability, duodenal and fecal microbiomes, and microbial translocation in alcoholic patients and how these changes are associated with liver disease were recently evaluated by Maccioni et al. (2020).”
Metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD)
Gao, B., Arab, J. P., Liangpunsakul, S., Ding, W., Szabó, G., Mehal, W. Z., Wang, H., He, Y., Stärkel, P., Llorente, C., et al. (2025) · eGastroenterology · doi:10.1136/egastro-2025-100319 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Experimental models of MetALD-associated liver cancer are lacking.”
Self-citationDoggui, R., Elsawy, W., Conti, A. A., & Baldacchino, A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.031 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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Key Signaling in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: The Role of Bile Acids
Way, G. W., Jackson, K. G., Muscu, S., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11081374 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cuesta, C. M., Pascual, M., Pérez-Moraga, R., Rodríguez-Navarro, I., Garcia‐García, F., Ureña‐Peralta, J. R., & Guerri, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312830 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Both groups have been shown to decrease with alcohol consumption in humans [53,54] and are butyrate-producing microorganisms [55,56].”
BackgroundLanthier, N., & Delzenne, N. M. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11172718 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Any alcohol use in NAFLD patients is associated with significant changes to the intestinal virome
Hsu, C. L., Lang, S., Demir, M., Fouts, D. E., Stärkel, P., & Schnabl, B. (2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000238 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institution’s human research and ethical committee (Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; B403201422657 and the Local Ethics Committee at the University of Cologne, Germany; # 15-056), as de…”
MethodSelf-citationHost Factors in Dysregulation of the Gut Barrier Function during Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Maccioni, L., Leclercq, I. A., Schnabl, B., & Stärkel, P. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312687 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“However, a leaky gut was observed in only a fraction of AUD patients at early ALD stages (steatohepatitis, steato-fibrosis) [14,15].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKhan, M. A. S., & Chang, S. L. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12202475 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gut microbiome and metabolome in a non-human primate model of chronic excessive alcohol drinking
Piacentino, D., Grant-Beurmann, S., Vizioli, C., Li, X., Moore, C. F., Ruiz‐Rodado, V., Lee, M. R., Joseph, P. V., Fraser, C. M., Weerts, E. M., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01728-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“The individuals with greater gut dysbiosis show increased intestinal permeability and transfer of bacterial products into the bloodstream [4, 5, 7, 36], which induce the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species, chemokines, and cytokines [37]; they are also more likely to have liver damage…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAdvancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model
Zhu, L., Li, H.-D., Xu, J., Li, J., Cheng, M., Meng, X., Huang, C., & Li, J. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12081035 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Studies have shown that the increased translocation of microorganisms such as Streptococcus, Shuttleworthia, Rothia, and Nubsella in the duodenal mucosa is associated with the early stages of progressive ALD [76].”
BackgroundDumitru, A., Matei, E., Cozaru, G., Chisoi, A., Alexandrescu, L., Popescu, R., Butcaru, M. P., Dumitru, E., Rugină, S., & Tocia, C. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25052472 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Amadieu, C., Leclercq, S., Coste, V., Thijssen, V., Neyrinck, A. M., Bindels, L. B., Cani, P. D., Piessevaux, H. H., Stärkel, P., de Timary, P., et al. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.029 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationPatel, D. N., Sharma, D., & Mandal, P. (2022) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2022/4230599 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The role of the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancers
Daniel, N., Genua, F., Jenab, M., Mayén, A., Chatziioannou, A. C., Keski‐Rahkonen, P., & Hughes, D. J. (2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000406 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“[40] The mycobiome, which refers to the diverse array of fungal species found in tissue, has also been seen to be altered in fecal samples from patients with alcohol-dependence, alcoholic hepatitis, or alcohol-associated cirrhosis compared with controls.”
BackgroundThe Gut‒Liver Axis in Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
Chen, Z., Liao, S., Wu, S., Chen, S., Tang, Q., Zhou, L., Li, X., Hu, H., Xu, J., Zhang, A., et al. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70458 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effects of Gut Metabolites and Microbiota in Healthy and Marginal Livers Submitted to Surgery
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“The bacterial species related with such changes include Streptococcus, Shuttleworthia, and Rothia [34].”
BackgroundYang, Y. M., Zhou, Z., Liu, Y., Xu, X., Xu, Y., Zhou, W., Chen, S., & Ma, D. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11111537 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“It is well established that the loss of intestinal barrier integrity would result in intestinal endotoxin translocation [9].”
BackgroundMalassezia restricta promotes alcohol-induced liver injury
Zeng, S.-L., Hartmann, P., Park, M., Duan, Y., Lang, S., Llorente, C., Wang, Y., Cabré, N., Fouts, D. E., Bächer, P., et al. (2023) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000029 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“CK18-M65 can differentiate progressive from nonprogressive liver disease and has predictive value for mortality in patients with AUD.”
MethodSelf-citationThe Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Kim, S. E., Park, J. W., Kim, H. S., Jang, M. K., Suk, K. T., & Kim, D. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111680 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Amadieu, C., Maccioni, L., Leclercq, S., Neyrinck, A. M., Delzenne, N. M., de Timary, P., & Stärkel, P. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104033 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationTherapeutic advances in alcohol-associated hepatitis
Szabó, G., Thursz, M. R., & Shah, V. H. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.025 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Viebahn, G., Hartmann, P., Lang, S., Demir, M., Zhang, X., Fouts, D. E., Stärkel, P., & Schnabl, B. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2307586 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMaccioni, L., Loriot, A., Dewulf, J., Bommer, G., Horsmans, Y., Lanthier, N., Leclercq, I., Schnabl, B., & Stärkel, P. (2022) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17177 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociations Between Peripheral Blood Microbiome and the Risk of Hypertension
Yang, J., Zhou, H. J., Lu, H., Chen, X., Zhou, L., Zhang, J., Wu, J. Q., & Dong, C. (2021) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpab084 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fang, C., Zhou, Q., Liu, Q., Jia, W. P., & Xu, Y. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo02892h · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Role of ER Stress in Xenobiotic‐Induced Liver Diseases and Hepatotoxicity
Zhang, Y., Qi, Y., Huang, S., Jiang, X., Xiao, W., Wang, L., Liu, Z., & Liu, S. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/4640161 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“ALD attributed to long-term alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease [17], a ff ecting millions of patients around the world.”
Zhao, L., Wang, S., Zhang, N., Zhou, J., Mehmood, A., Raka, R. N., Zhou, F. L., & Zhao, L. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11061211 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Therefore, increased intestinal permeability caused by microbial dysregulation is an important prerequisite for the progression of ALD [57,58].”
BackgroundGut Microbiota Modulation of Short Bowel Syndrome and the Gut–Brain Axis
Carter, J., Bettag, J., Morfin, S., Manithody, C., Nagarapu, A., Jain, A., Nazzal, H., Prem, S., Unes, M., McHale, M., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15112581 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“An increase in permeability can also drive endotoxin mediated hepatic and systemic inflammatory responses [53,54].”
BackgroundBetaine regulates the gut-liver axis: a therapeutic approach for chronic liver diseases
Perumal, S. K., Arumugam, M. K., Osna, N. A., Rasineni, K., & Kharbanda, K. K. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1478542 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
LeFort, K. R., Rungratanawanich, W., & Song, B. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13010043 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Alcohol (ethanol) also changes the composition of the microbiome in ALD [31,42–45], even at the early stages of ALD, causing dysbiosis and bacterial translocation [45].”
BackgroundMaccioni, L., Guan, Y., Kim, M., Parra, M. A., Peiffer, B., Fu, Y., Wang, Y., Lin, Y.-H., Mackowiak, B., Feng, D., et al. (2025) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2024-334412 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationGut microbiome and liver diseases
Xu, J., Chen, N., Zhou, L., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Additionally, microbial translocation into the liver directly leads to immunological disturbances, dysbiosis of hepatic triglyceride metabolism, and NAFLD progression [ 39 , 41 ].”
Gut Microbiota as Emerging Players in the Development of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Li, W., Gao, W., Yan, Q. S., Yang, L., Zhu, Q., & Chu, H. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13010074 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The intestinal barrier is disrupted in ALD, allowing pathogens and microbial products to be transferred into the circulation [16,22,48].”
Fuke, N., Yamashita, T., Shimizu, S., Matsumoto, M., Sawada, K., Jung, S., Tokuda, I., Misawa, M., Suzuki, S., Ushida, Y., et al. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13020250 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Patients with alcoholic liver disease have a higher composition ratio of Streptococcus in the fecal flora, intestinal permeability, and blood LBP concentration compared to healthy subjects [97].”
BackgroundChen, D., Xiong, J., CHEN, G., ZHANG, Z., LIU, Y., XU, J., & XU, H. (2023) · In Vivo · doi:10.21873/invivo.13308 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Liu, L., Zhao, Z., Liu, H., Xia, X., Ai, C., Song, S., & Yan, C. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133014 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Targeting the gut microbiota to treat alcoholic liver diseases: evidence and promises.
Leclercq, S., de Timary, P., & Stärkel, P. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationImmune cells in alcohol-related liver disease
Xu, H., & Wang, H. (2022) · Liver Research · doi:10.1016/j.livres.2022.01.001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Insights into the gut-liver axis: mechanisms and emerging therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hu, Y., Gao, M., Chenghuang, J., & Bao, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1595853 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Activation of intestinal endogenous retroviruses by alcohol exacerbates liver disease
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Self-citationPuhakka, E., Ahmed, H., Haikonen, R., Leclercq, S., Hanhineva, K., Maccioni, L., Amadieu, C., Lehtonen, M., Männistö, V., Rysä, J., et al. (2025) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.70128 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Liu, L., Zhu, S., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Z., Xue, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13081145 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In addition, alcohol abuse alters the composition and function of intestinal microorganisms, leading to disorders of hepatic lipid metabolism and increased hepatic fats deposition; the accumulation of these fats in the liver may lead to the development of fatty liver and other liver diseases [8].”
BackgroundIntestinal ELF4 Deletion Exacerbates Alcoholic Liver Disease by Disrupting Gut Homeostasis
Liu, T., Yu, H., Zhang, Z., Xie, Y., Yang, L., & You, F. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23094825 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Reported results indicate that increased intestinal permeability is related to fecal microbiota dysbiosis [15].”
BackgroundBalakrishnan, J., Kannan, S., Arivazhagan, G., Ramachandran, N., & Sundarasamy, V. G. (2025) · Medicine in Microecology · doi:10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100154 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Implications of the Liver-Gut Axis in Liver Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets
Ramírez-Mejía, M. M., Ponciano‐Rodríguez, G., & Méndez‐Sánchez, N. (2025) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103335 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Piacentino, D., Vizioli, C., Barb, J. J., Grant-Beurmann, S., Bouhlal, S., Battista, J. T., Jennings, O., Lee, M. R., Schwandt, M. L., Walter, P. J., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0302195 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Yak milk protects against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats
Wang, M., Jiang, Y., Wang, S., Fu, L., Liang, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., Li, X., Feng, M., & Long, D. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo03675h · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Role of the Gut Microbiome in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Maher, S., Rajapakse, J., El-Omar, E. M., & Zekry, A. (2024) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/a-2438-4383 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Self-citationImmune dysregulation and pathophysiology of alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease
Martínez‐Castillo, M., Altamirano-Mendoza, I., Sánchez-Valle, S., García-Islas, L., Sánchez-Barragán, M., Hernandez-Santillan, M., Hernández-Barragán, A., Pérez-Hernández, J. L., la Tijera, F. H., & Gutiérrez‐Reyes, G. (2023) · Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.03.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Alcohol-associated liver disease: Emerging therapeutic strategies
Mullish, B. H., & Thursz, M. R. (2024) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000986 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“A systematic review of 13 studies [5 randomized controlled trial (RCTs)] of the impact of psychosocial studies in 1945 patients with chronic liver disease observed that only an integrated approach combining cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and medical care, provided…”
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“1F), all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALD [37, 38].”
Probiotics attenuate alcohol-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia: Preliminary observations
Green, P. G., Álvarez, P., & Levine, J. D. (2022) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/17448069221075345 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“It is well established that chronic alcohol consumption has a marked impact on the gastrointestinal (gut) microbiome, as well as increasing gut permeability.(12,13) Given the recent appreciation of the ability of gut microbiota to modulate chronic pain, and that gut microbial diversity is markedly affected by alcohol…”
BackgroundMaccioni, L., Kasavuli, J., Leclercq, S., Pirlot, B., Laloux, G., Horsmans, Y., Leclercq, I. A., Schnabl, B., & Stärkel, P. (2023) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000107 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Conclusions: Our results point to the contribution of activated monocytes to systemic inflammation and ALD.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHuang, J., Yu, Y., Feng, Z., Yin, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, X., & Yu, R. (2025) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s548624 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yang, W., Xi, C., Yao, H., Yuan, Q., Zhang, J., Chen, Q., Wu, G., & Hu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1304218 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Joon, A., Sharma, A., Jalandra, R., Bayal, N., Dhar, R., & Karmakar, S. (2024) · Journal of Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14218/jtg.2023.00018 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gut cannabinoid receptor 1 regulates alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability
Maccioni, L., Dvorácskó, S., Godlewski, G., Cinar, R., Iyer, M., Gao, B., & Kunos, G. (2025) · eGastroenterology · doi:10.1136/egastro-2024-100173 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Maccioni, L., Gao, B., Leclercq, S., Pirlot, B., Horsmans, Y., De Timary, P., Leclercq, I., Fouts, D., Schnabl, B., & Stärkel, P.
- Affiliations
- UCLouvain (BE)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (BE)
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- J. Craig Venter Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stärkel, Peter
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gut Microbes
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-06-26
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1782157
- ISSN
- 1949-0976 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-0984
- PMC
- PMC7524402
- OpenAlex
- W3037663071
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 6.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Gut Microbes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (J.0146.17, T.0217.18)
- National Institutes of Health (U01 AA026939, R01 AA24726)
- Université Catholique de Louvain (ARC 2018)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- alcoholic liver disease, alcoholism, intestinal permeability, leaky gut, microbial translocation, gut-liver axis, duodenal microbiota, duodenal mucosa, tight junctions, intestinal epithelial damage, Streptococcus, Shuttleworthia, Rothia, liver fibrosis, steatohepatitis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Alcoholism, Bacteria, Capillary Permeability, Duodenum, Feces, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Liver, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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