Representations of PMS and Premenstrual Women in Men's Accounts: An Analysis of Online Posts from PMSBuddy.com
Abstract
Representations of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in Western scientific and popular discourse construct premenstrual change as a disorder and portray premenstrual women as out-of-control, emotionally unstable, and dangerous. Previous research has suggested that the adoption of such constructions of PMS by male partners can have a deleterious influence on women's experiences of premenstrual distress. However, few studies to date have examined constructions of PMS and the function of such constructions within men's talk. Representations of PMS and premenstrual women in men's accounts in the online discussion forum PMSBuddy.com, which appeared between September 2008 and February 2009, were analyzed through a thematic discourse analysis. The majority of accounts positioned negative premenstrual change as a hormonal disorder, an excuse, or a nuisance. Some men described themselves as victimized by their premenstrual partners, and positioned their experiences as unfair and undeserved. A small portion of men talked positively about premenstrual women and emphasized the importance of providing support. These findings suggest that it is important to recognize that PMS is constructed and experienced in a relational context. Cultural and relational constructions of PMS can influence both men and women's experiences of premenstrual change.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Men's constructions of 'PMS' are implicated in women's negative premenstrual experiences, with evidence that many men treat women with PMDs in a belittling way.
“Men’s constructions of ‘PMS’ have been implicated in women’s negative premenstrual experiences, with evidence that many men treat women with PMDs in a belittling way [42, 43].”
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · see citing works
Qualitative research. Introducing focus groups.
Kitzinger, J. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7000.299 · Cited by 6,939 · see citing works
Positioning: The Discursive Production of Selves
DAVIES, B., & HARRÉ, R. (1990) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1990.tb00174.x · Cited by 5,357 · see citing works
Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction
WALTHER, J. B. (1996) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365096023001001 · Cited by 4,798 · see citing works
The online disinhibition effect
Suler, J. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/1094931041291295 · Cited by 4,375 · see citing works
Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics.
Stacey, J., & Connell, R. W. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2073932 · Cited by 4,228 · see citing works
Greene, R., & Dalton, K. (1953) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4818.1007 · Cited by 1,819 · see citing works
Gottman, J. M. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315806808 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Discourse Dynamics: Critical Analysis for Social and Individual Psychology
Billig, M. S., & Parker, I. (1993) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/591257 · Cited by 1,177 · see citing works
Ethical issues in qualitative research on internet communities
Eysenbach, G., & Till, J. E. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1103 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
What predicts divorce?: the relationship between marital processes and marital outcomes
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-5739 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Harré, R., & Langenhove, L. V. (1991) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1991.tb00203.x · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Discourse dynamics: critical analysis for social and individual psychology
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-5976 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Social Constructionist Psychology: A Critical Analysis of Theory and Practice
Nightingale, D. J., & Cromby, J. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Discourse Analytic Research : Repertoires and Readings of Texts in Action
Burman, E., & Parker, I. (1993) · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Where the Girls Are: Growing up Female with the Mass Media.
Breines, W., & Douglas, S. J. (1995) · Journal of American History · doi:10.2307/2082147 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
CONFLICT IN MARRIAGE: Implications for Working with Couples
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (1999) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.47 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Distefano, A., Rudestam, K. E., & Silverman, R. J. (2004) · Encyclopedia of Distributed Learning · doi:10.4135/9781412950596.n139 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Managing the Monstrous Feminine: Regulating the Reproductive Body
Ussher, J. M. (2006) · doi:10.4324/9780203328422 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media.
Smulyan, S., & Douglas, S. J. (1995) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/2168352 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Emotions in Social Life: Critical Themes and Contemporary Issues
Peek, M. K. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00261-6 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Motherhood and Representation: The Mother in Popular Culture and Melodrama
Williams, S. D., & Kaplan, E. A. (1994) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/3340736 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Michel Foucault: Power, Truth, Strategy
Mowitt, J., Morris, M., & Patton, P. (1980) · SubStance · doi:10.2307/3683911 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Markman, H. J., RHOADES, G. K., Stanley, S. M., Ragan, E. P., & Whitton, S. W. (2010) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019481 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Deep in the Hearts of Learners: Insights into the Nature of Online Community
Conrad, D. (2002) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Motherhood and representation: the mother in popular culture and melodrama
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-3125 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Managing the monstrous feminine: regulating the reproductive body
(2006) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203328422-8 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Are We Medicalizing Women’s Misery? A Critical Review of Women’s Higher Rates of Reported Depression
Ussher, J. M. (2010) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959353509350213 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationUssher, J., & Ussher, J. M. (2011) · doi:10.4324/9780203806579 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Laws, S. (1990) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21176-0 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Issues of Blood: The Politics of Menstruation
McArthur, S., & Laws, S. (1992) · Feminist Review · doi:10.2307/1395293 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Expert Guidelines for the Treatment of Severe PMS, PMDD, and Comorbidities: The Role of SSRIs
Steiner, M. S., Pearlstein, T. B., Cohen, L. S., Endicott, J., Kornstein, S. G., Roberts, C. P., Roberts, D. L., & Yonkers, K. A. (2006) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2006.15.57 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Chrisler, J. C., & Caplan, P. (2002) · Annual Review of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/10532528.2002.10559807 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The Madness of Women: Myth and Experience
Ussher, J. M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7255-2_34 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
2007 Presidential Address: Fear of Losing Control: Power, Perfectionism, and the Psychology of Women
Chrisler, J. C. (2008) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00402.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The Media Construct a Menstrual Monster: A Content Analysis of PMS Articles in the Popular Press
Chrisler, J. C., & Levy, K. B. (1990) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v16n02_07 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Charting a New Course for Feminist Psychology
(2002) · Praeger eBooks · doi:10.5040/9798400624803 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The premenstrual syndrome – a reappraisal of the concept and the evidence
Bancroft, J. (1993) · Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement · doi:10.1017/s0264180100001272 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Talbot, K., & Quayle, M. (2010) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x09350408 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Power and Desire: The Embodiment of Female Sexuality
Holland, J., Ramazanoğlu, C., Sharpe, S., & Thomson, R. (1994) · Feminist Review · doi:10.1057/fr.1994.2 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Sensitive and Real Macho All at the Same Time”
Allen, L. (2007) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x05284221 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
PMS as a process of negotiation: Women’s experience and management of premenstrual distress
Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2013) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.765004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cognitive processes in intimate conflict: II. efficacy and learned helplessness
Doherty, W. J. (1981) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926188108250395 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Marván, M. L., & Cortés-Iniestra, S. (2001) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.20.4.276 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The role of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the subjectification of women
Ussher, J. M. (2003) · Journal of Medical Humanities · doi:10.1023/a:1021366001305 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationUssher, J. M. (2003) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/1467-6427.00257 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationPremenstrual syndrome in employed Chinese women in Hong Kong
Chang, A. M., Holroyd, E. A., & Chau, J. P. C. (1995) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399339509516209 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Men's and women's attitudes and beliefs about the menstrual cycle
Brooks‐Gunn, J., & Ruble, D. N. (1986) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00287580 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Constructions of femininity and experiences of menstrual distress
Cosgrove, L., & Riddle, B. (2003) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v38n03_04 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Marván, M. L., & Cortés-Iniestra, S. (2001) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.20.4.276 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Emergence of Premenstrual Syndrome as a Social Problem
Rittenhouse, C. A. (1991) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/800607 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Perception of family and work environments in women with premenstrual syndrome
Kuczmierczyk, A. R., Labrum, A. H., & Johnson, C. C. (1992) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(92)90137-q · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Riley, S. C. E. (2003) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/0958923032000088300 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
PMS as a Gendered Illness Linked to the Construction and Relational Experience of Hetero-Femininity
Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2013) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9977-5 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Sociocultural aspects of menstrual attitudes and premenstrual experiences in India
Chaturvedi, S. K., & Chandra, P. S. (1991) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90114-r · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2008) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959353507084954 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Time of the Month” on Twitter: Taboo, Stereotype and Bonding in a No-Holds-Barred Public Arena
Thornton, L.-J. (2011) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-0041-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ussher, J. M. (2002) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.685 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Premenstrual Syndrome “Dis-easing” the Female Cycle
Zita, J. N. (1988) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00057.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ussher, J. M. (1996) · Annual Review of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/10532528.1996.10559914 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Rethinking Mental Health and Disorder: Feminist Perspectives
Anderson, K. G. (2003) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000092182.34723.08 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Premenstrual syndrome and the marital relationship
Ryser, R., & Feinauer, L. L. (1992) · The American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926189208250887 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ussher, J. M. (2008) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780880701863567 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Husbands' Support of Their Perimenopausal Wives
Mansfield, P. K., Koch, P. B., & Gierach, G. L. (2003) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v38n03_07 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Conjoint monitoring of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome: Impact on marital satisfaction.
Frank, B., Dixon, D. N., & Grosz, H. J. (1993) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0167.40.1.109 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Conjoint monitoring of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome: Impact on marital satisfaction
Frank, B., Dixon, D. N., & Grosz, H. J. (1993) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.40.1.109 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A discourse analytic approach to women's experience of Premenstrual Syndrome
Swann, C. (1995) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638239550037415 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2006) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646830600974147 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mooney‐Somers, J., Perz, J., & Ussher, J. M. (2008) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630240802134134 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Crafting Heterosexual Masculine Identities on Campus
Gilmartin, S. K. (2007) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x05284994 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Premenstrual syndrome as scientific and cultural artifact
Figert, A. E. (2005) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/bf02734245 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sveinsdóttir, H., Lundman, B., & Norberg, A. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00077.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Marital dynamics of women with premenstrual tension syndrome.
Siegel, J. P. (1986) · Family Systems Medicine · doi:10.1037/h0089694 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sveinsdóttir, H., Lundman, B. M., & Norberg, A. (1999) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01169.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Couples and premenstrual syndrome: Partners as moderators of symptoms?
Jones, A., Theodos, V., Canar, J., Sher, T. G., & Young, M. (2000) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10360-008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Emergence of Premenstrual Syndrome as a Social Problem
Rittenhouse, C. A. (1991) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.1991.38.3.03a00070 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Relationship of Communication Style to Egalitarian Marital Role Expectations
Pollock, A. D., Die, A. H., & Marriott, R. G. (1990) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1990.9922953 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Edley, N., & Wetherell, M. (1995) · Open Research Online (The Open University) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
(2007) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Media Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome
Parlee, M. B. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5275-4_11 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
‘It's just the monthlies, she'll get over it’: Menstrual problems and men's attitudes
Laws, S. (1992) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646839208403944 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Men's Perception of Premenstrual Changes on the Premenstrual Assessment Form
Christensen, A. P., & Oei, T. P. S. (1990) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1990.66.2.615 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Women's Bodies as a “Puzzle” for College Men
Koch, P. B. (2006) · American Journal of Sexuality Education · doi:10.1300/j455v01n03_04 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bertelsen, L. J. (2001) · UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barriers to women engaging in collective action to overcome sexism.
Radke, H. R. M., Hornsey, M. J., & Barlow, F. K. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040345 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175068 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“You Will Find Out When the Time Is Right”: Boys, Men, and Menstruation
Erchull, M. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_31 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“It's Normal…Mom Will Be Home in an Hour”: The Role of Fathers in Menstrual Education
Erchull, M. J., & Richmond, K. (2015) · Women s Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2015.1089149 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
LavaorCode Red: A Linguistic Study of Menstrual Expressions in English and Swedish
Sveen, H. (2016) · Women s Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2016.1237712 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Janda, C., Asbrock, F., Herget, M., Kues, J. N., & Weise, C. (2019) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2019.1584599 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Critical Discourse/Discourse Analysis
Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_105 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Winslow, A., Hooberman, L., & Rubin, L. (2022) · Women s Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2022.2124652 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Critical Discourse/Discourse Analysis
Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_105-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Radke, H. R. M., & Hanson, A. (2025) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2025.2529850 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lizzio‐Wilson, M. (2017) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2018.56 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beringer, M. L., & King, M. B. (2026) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.70314
Self-citationMenstrual health literacy - A crucial yet unclear concept
Chéileachair, F. N. N., Durand, H., & Caes, L. (2026) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057261496065
- Authors
- King, M., Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- King, Marlee
- Venue
- Women s Reproductive Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-01-02
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-20
- ISSN
- 2329-3691 (ISSN-L)
- 2329-3713
- OpenAlex
- W2052213242
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Women s Reproductive Health (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- premenstrual syndrome, online forums, male partners, victimization, emotional support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review