Cited by 1,339Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus researchT-cell and B-cell Immunologyvaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

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Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects

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Sylwester, Andrew W., Mitchell, Bridget L., Edgar, John B., Taormina, Cara, Pelte, Christian, Ruchti, Franziska, Sleath, Paul R., Grabstein, Kenneth H., Hosken, Nancy A., Kern, Florian, Nelson, Jay A., Picker, Louis J.·2005·The Journal of Experimental Medicine

DOI 10.1084/jem.20050882PMC PMC2212883

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Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections of immunocompetent hosts are characterized by a dynamic, life-long interaction in which host immune responses, particularly of T cells, restrain viral replication and prevent disease but do not eliminate the virus or preclude transmission. Because HCMV is among the largest and most complex of known viruses, the T cell resources committed to maintaining this balance have never been characterized completely. Here, using cytokine flow cytometry and 13,687 overlapping 15mer peptides comprising 213 HCMV open reading frames (ORFs), we found that 151 HCMV ORFs were immunogenic for CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells, and that ORF immunogenicity was influenced only modestly by ORF expression kinetics and function. We further documented that total HCMV-specific T cell responses in seropositive subjects were enormous, comprising on average ∼10% of both the CD4+ and CD8+ memory compartments in blood, whereas cross-reactive recognition of HCMV proteins in seronegative individuals was limited to CD8+ T cells and was rare. These data provide the first glimpse of the total human T cell response to a complex infectious agent and will provide insight into the rules governing immunodominance and cross-reactivity in complex viral infections of humans.

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BackgroundInfluential
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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BackgroundResultInfluential
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Cross-sectional analysis of CD8 T cell immunity to human herpesvirus 6B
Martin, L. K., Hollaus, A., Stahuber, A., Hübener, C., Fraccaroli, A., Tischer, J., Schub, A., & Moosmann, A. (2018) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006991 · Cited by 13
Rapid Acquisition of Cytomegalovirus-Specific T Cells with a Differentiated Phenotype, in Nonviremic Hematopoietic Stem Transplant Recipients Vaccinated with CMVPepVax
Rosa, C. L., Longmate, J., Lingaraju, C. R., Zhou, Q., Kaltcheva, T. I., Hardwick, N. R., Aldoss, I. T., Nakamura, R., & Diamond, D. J. (2018) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.070 · Cited by 13
“The pp65 tegument protein is among the most frequently immunologically recognized CMV antigens in CMV seropositive healthy adults (8).”
Background
Caspase-8-dependent control of NK- and T cell responses during cytomegalovirus infection
Feng, Y., Daley‐Bauer, L. P., & Mocarski, E. S. (2019) · Medical Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/s00430-019-00616-7 · Cited by 13
NKG2Cpos NK Cells Regulate the Expansion of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8 T Cells
Grutza, R., Moskorz, W., Senff, T., Bäcker, E., Lindemann, M., Zimmermann, A., Uhrberg, M., Lang, P. A., Timm, J., & Cosmovici, C. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1901281 · Cited by 13
Cytomegalovirus-Mediated T Cell Receptor Repertoire Perturbation Is Present in Early Life
Attaf, M., Roider, J., Malik, A., Rafael, C. R., Dolton, G. M., Prendergast, A. J., Leslie, A. J., Ndung’u, T., Kløverpris, H. N., Sewell, A. K., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01587 · Cited by 13
“The magnitude of CMV-specific CD8T cell responses after natural infection is unusually high and can represent up to 10 to 20% of the peripheral blood CD8T cell memory compartment in adults (26, 52).”
Background
Real-world evidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with bendamustine-containing regimens
Pezzullo, L., Giudice, V., Serio, B., Fontana, R., Guariglia, R., Martorelli, M. C., Ferrara, I., Mettivier, L., Bruno, A., Bianco, R., et al. (2021) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2021-0274 · Cited by 13
“This augmented susceptibility to viral reactivation might be caused by an impairment in T cell immunity, such as decreased circulating levels of CMV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells [19,28,31,34,42,43].”
Background
Aging With Grace for People Living With HIV: Strategies to Overcome Leaky Gut and Cytomegalovirus Coinfection
Routy, J., Royston, L., & Isnard, S. (2022) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002838 · Cited by 13
Early recovery of CMV immunity after HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a surrogate biomarker for a reduced risk of severe infections overall
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CD4 responses against IDO
Andersen, M. H. (2012) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.4161/onci.20780 · Cited by 13
Interplay between human cytomegalovirus and dendritic cells in T cell activation
Martin, H., Mandron, M., & Davrinche, C. (2008) · Medical Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/s00430-008-0079-0 · Cited by 13
“ertoire could correlate with the nature and amount of viral antigens cross-presented by DCs, but patterns of eVector T cells frequencies in HCMV-seropositive donors, as recently assessed [23], could reXect expansion of T cells against recall antigens following re-infection and/or reactivation.”
BackgroundMethod
Characteristics and determinants of T ‐cell phenotype normalization in HIV ‐1‐infected individuals receiving long‐term antiretroviral therapy
Ndumbi, P., Gillis, J. L., Raboud, J., Cooper, C., Hogg, R. S., Montaner, J., Burchell, A., Loutfy, M., Machouf, N., Klein, M. B., et al. (2013) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/hiv.12096 · Cited by 13
Cytomegalovirus and varicella–zoster virus vaccines in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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Immunologic Predictors of Late Cytomegalovirus Disease after Solid Organ Transplantation—An Elusive Goal?
Boeckh, M., & Riddell, S. R. (2007) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/511311 · Cited by 13
“Finally, the T cell response to CMV recognizes a large number of viral determinants [27, 28], and measurement of responses to pp65 and IE1 may not always be a sufficient surrogate to define protective immunity.”
Background
Anti‐thymocyte globulin‐mediated immunosenescent alterations of T cells in kidney transplant patients
Lee, G. H., Lee, J. Y., Jang, J., Kang, Y. J., Choi, S. A., Kim, H. C., Park, S., Kim, M. S., & Lee, W. (2022) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.1431 · Cited by 12
The effects of exercise training for eight weeks on immune cell characteristics among breast cancer survivors
Echarri, A. A., Struszczak, L., Beresford, M. J., Campbell, J. P., Thompson, D., & Turner, J. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1163182 · Cited by 14
“CMV-specific IgG antibodies were measured in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) according to manufacturer instructions (ENZY-WELL, Diesse Diagnostica, Italy).”
BackgroundInfluential
Intra-host genomic diversity and integration landscape of human tissue-resident DNA virome
Pyöriä, L., Pratas, D., Toppinen, M., Peter Simmonds, K., Hedman, K., Sajantila, A., & Perdomo, M. F. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae871 · Cited by 12
Human Cytomegalovirus pp71 Stimulates Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Presentation of IE1-Derived Peptides at Immediate Early Times of Infection
Hesse, J., Reyda, S., Tenzer, S., Besold, K., Reuter, N., Krauter, S., Büscher, N., Stamminger, T., & Plachter, B. (2013) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.03484-12 · Cited by 12
CMV-infected kidney grafts drive the expansion of blood-borne CMV-specific T cells restricted by shared class I HLA molecules via presentation on donor cells
Gatault, P., Al-Hajj, S., Noble, J., Chevallier, E., Piollet, M., Forconi, C. S., Gaudy‐Graffin, C., Thibault, G., Miquelestorena‐Standley, E., Halimi, J., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.14672 · Cited by 12
Detection of circulating highly expanded T-cell clones in at-risk individuals for rheumatoid arthritis before the clinical onset of the disease
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Human cytomegalovirus infection: A considerable issue following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Review)
Zhou, X., Jin, N., & Chen, B. (2021) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2021.12579 · Cited by 12
“In healthy individuals, both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, which target certain CMV peptides (65), are significant for the prevention of CMV infection (66).”
Background
Development and Characterization of an HCMV Multi-Antigen Therapeutic Vaccine for Glioblastoma Using the UNITE Platform
Adhikari, A. S., Macauley, J., Johnson, Y., Connolly, M., Coleman, T. J., & Heiland, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.850546 · Cited by 12
“org 2 responses and are considered promising candidates for HCMV vaccine development (18).”
Background
Hematopoietic stem cell donor vaccination with cytomegalovirus triplex augments frequencies of functional and durable cytomegalovirus‐specific T cells in the recipient: A novel strategy to limit antiviral prophylaxis
Rosa, C. L., Aldoss, I. T., Park, Y., Yang, D., Zhou, Q., Gendzekhadze, K., Kaltcheva, T. I., RIDA, W. N., Dempsey, S., Arslan, S., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.26824 · Cited by 12
T‐cell heterogeneity, progenitor–progeny relationships, and function during latent and chronic viral infections
Sandu, I., & Oxenius, A. (2023) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13203 · Cited by 14
Immunovirology of cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients undergoing prophylaxis with letermovir: A narrative review
Solano, C., Giménez, E., Albert, E., Piñana, J. L., & Navarro, D. (2023) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.29005 · Cited by 12
Dissection of the CMV specific T‐cell response is required for optimized cardiac transplant monitoring
Kirchner, A., Hoffmeister, B., Черепнев, Г. В., Fuhrmann, S., Streitz, M., Lachmann, R., Bunde, T., Meij, P., Schönemann, C., Hetzer, R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.21229 · Cited by 12
“Although both are among the top five CMV proteins regarding recognition frequency and response size [Sylwester et al., 2005], it is now obvious that focusing on just pp65 and IE-1 is bound to miss some dominant responses.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Regulatory T Cells and the Risk of CMV End-Organ Disease in Patients With AIDS
Weinberg, A., Bosch, R. J., Bennett, K. K., Tovar-Salazar, A., Benson, C. A., Collier, A. C., Zolopa, A. R., Gulick, R. M., Wohl, D. A., Polsky, B., et al. (2013) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000095 · Cited by 12
“In addition to effector-memory characteristics, the magnitude, fine specificity, and breadth of interferon-g (IFN-g)–measured CMV T-cell responses have also been ascribed critical importance for protection against EOD in various populations.(7,8,11,12) We have previously shown that in HIV-infected individuals there is…”
Background
Adenoviral vaccine induction of CD8+ T cell memory inflation: Impact of co-infection and infection order
Lee, L. N., Bolinger, B., Bánki, Z., de Lara, C., Highton, A. J., Colston, J., Hutchings, C. L., & Klenerman, P. (2017) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006782 · Cited by 12
Cytomegalovirus-vectored vaccines for HIV and other pathogens
Barry, P. A., Deere, J. D., Yue, Y., Chang, W. W. L., Schmidt, K. A., Wussow, F., Chiuppesi, F., Diamond, D. J., Sparger, E. E., Walter, M. R., et al. (2019) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002396 · Cited by 12
“[125] observed that 10% of memory CD4þ and CD8þ T cells are HCMV-specific, leaving 90% of the remaining immunological memory to everything else the host has encountered.”
Background
Effect of Cytomegalovirus on the Immune System: Implications for Aging and Mental Health
Ford, B. N., & Savitz, J. B. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_376 · Cited by 12
Human Cytomegalovirus Immune Evasion of Natural Killer Cells: A Virus for All Seasons?
Preston, H., Casey, R., Ferris, E., Kerr-Jones, L. E., Jones, L., Latif, F., Clement, M., Aicheler, R., Wang, E. C. Y., Stanton, R. J., et al. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14070629 · Cited by 12
Recommendations from the 2nd Consensus Workshop on Analytical Treatment Interruption in HIV Research Trials
Ndung’u, T., Dong, K. L., Colby, D. J., Deeks, S. G., Cotton, M. F., Dubé, K., Goulder, P., Jülg, B. D., Nsubuga, M. S., Ajibola, G., et al. (2026) · The Lancet HIV · doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(25)00373-x · Cited by 14
Renaissance of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity in vaccination and disease
Appay, V., Yamamoto, T., & Sáez‐Cirión, A. (2026) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01284-4 · Cited by 12
Personalize, participate, predict, and prevent: 4Ps in inflammatory bowel disease
Lenti, M. V., Scribano, M. L., Biancone, L., Ciccocioppo, R., Pugliese, D., Pastorelli, L., Fiorino, G., Savarino, E. V., Caprioli, F., Ardizzone, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1031998 · Cited by 11
“By contrast, the effects of inhibitors of T-cell homing (such as anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies, modulators of sphingosine -phosphate receptor) are unpredictable since their use may hamper the number of effector memory T-cells that are largely responsible for the containment of virus-infected cells and virus repl…”
Background
Single‐cell transcriptomic and T cell antigen receptor analysis of human cytomegalovirus ( hCMV )‐specific memory T cells reveals effectors and pre‐effectors of CD8 + ‐ and CD4 + ‐cytotoxic T cells
Kar, R., Chattopadhyay, S., Sharma, A., Sharma, K. M. T. K., Sinha, S., Arimbasseri, G. A., & Patil, V. S. (2024) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13783 · Cited by 11
“…have identified a higher percentage of hCMV-specific T cells, reaching almost as high as (cid:1) 5% – 10% of total CD4 + and CD8 + T cells for epitopes derived from pp65 and IE-1 proteins of hCMV, with majority of them showing terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype [16, 33, 34].”
Self-reactive T cells: suppressing the suppressors
Becker, J. C., Straten, P. T., & Andersen, M. H. (2013) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-013-1512-9 · Cited by 11
The impact of HLA polymorphism on herpesvirus infection and disease
Palmer, W. H., & Norman, P. J. (2023) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-022-01288-z · Cited by 13
“2012) and ex vivo proteomewide epitope mapping did not observe differences in the CD4 or CD8 T cell response across diverse HLA haplotypes (Sylwester et al. 2005).”
Background
Late gene expression–deficient cytomegalovirus vectors elicit conventional T cells that do not protect against SIV
Hansen, S. G., Womack, J. L., Perez, W. D., Schmidt, K. A., Marshall, E. E., Iyer, R. F., Cleveland-Rubeor, H. C., Otero, C. E., Taher, H., Burgt, N. H. V., et al. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.164692 · Cited by 11
“JCI Insight 2023;8(6):e164692 https://doi.”
Self-citation
Applying lessons learned from cytomegalovirus infection in transplant patients to vaccine design
Blanco-Lobo, P., Bulnes‐Ramos, Á., McConnell, M. J., Navarro, D., & Pérez‐Romero, P. (2016) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.03.005 · Cited by 11
Phenotypic and transcriptional profile correlates with functional plasticity of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells
Edwards, E. S. J., Smith, C., & Khanna, R. (2013) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2013.88 · Cited by 11
Evaluation of T Cell Immunity against Human Cytomegalovirus: Impact on Patient Management and Risk Assessment of Vertical Transmission
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“Although CD4 + T cells seem to react preferentially against structural viral proteins and CD8 + T cells react mostly against immediate early ones, many proteins are recognized by both [29, 30].”
Factors Associated with the Size of HIV DNA Reservoir.
Wang, N., & Li, T. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.4103/0366-6999.198009 · Cited by 11
“CD4+ T‐cells provides new target cells for reseeding the HIV reservoir.[53] Increases in the levels of cytokines and”
Background
Identification of immediate early gene products of bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) as dominant antigens recognized by CD8 T cells in immune cattle
Hart, J., MacHugh, N. D., Sheldrake, T. A., Nielsen, M., & Morrison, W. I. (2017) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000823 · Cited by 11
Vaccine vectors based on Adenovirus 19a/64 exhibit broad cellular tropism and potently restimulate HCMV-specific T cell responses ex vivo
Kiener, R., Fleischmann, M., Schwegler, C., Ruzsics, Z., Thirion, C., Schrödel, S., Asbach, B., & Wagner, R. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19874-1 · Cited by 11
Convalescent Immunity to Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus Induces Limited Cross Strain Protection against Re-Infection but High-Level Protection against Congenital Disease
Choi, K. Y., El‐Hamdi, N. S., & McGregor, A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21175997 · Cited by 11
“, pp65) in convalescent individuals [9].”
Human CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis: Antigen Specificity, Function, Implications and Applications
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In-depth immune profiling reveals advanced B- and T-cell differentiation to be associated with Th1-driven immune dysregulation in common variable immunodeficiency
Hultberg, J., Blixt, E., Göransson, R., Adolfsson, J., Govender, M., Larsson, M., Nilsdotter‐Augustinsson, Å., Ernerudh, J., & Nyström, S. N. (2023) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2023.109816 · Cited by 10
“Given its striking effects on T cell phenotypes CMV has been suggested as a potential driver of T cell variation in CVID [52].”
Immunotherapy of cytomegalovirus infection by low-dose adoptive transfer of antiviral CD8 T cells relies on substantial post-transfer expansion of central memory cells but not effector-memory cells
Holtappels, R., Becker, S., Hamdan, S., Freitag, K., Podlech, J., Lemmermann, N. A. W., & Reddehase, M. J. (2023) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011643 · Cited by 10
Cytomegalovirus immunity in high-risk liver transplant recipients following preemptive antiviral therapy versus prophylaxis
Zamora, D., Dasgupta, S., Stevens‐Ayers, T., Edmison, B. C., Winston, D. J., Razonable, R. R., Mehta, A. K., Lyon, G. M., Boeckh, M., Singh, N., et al. (2024) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.180115 · Cited by 10
“However, other CMV antigens are expressed during viral replication, including antigens not measured in the current study (11, 34, 41).”
Background
Belatacept-related cytomegalovirus infection: Advocacy for tailored immunosuppression based on individual assessment of immune fitness
Zuber, J., Léon, J., Déchanet‐Merville, J., & Kaminski, H. (2024) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.ajt.2024.09.035 · Cited by 10
In utero human cytomegalovirus infection expands NK-like FcγRIII+CD8+ T cells that mediate Fc antibody functions
Semmes, E. C., Nettere, D., Nelson, A. N., Hurst, J. H., Cain, D. W., Burt, T. D., Kurtzberg, J., Reeves, R. K., Coyne, C. B., Fouda, G. G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci181342 · Cited by 13
“HCMV seropositivity has also been associated with the activation and terminal differentiation of bystander non-HCMV specific CD8 + T cells (11, 12).”
Affinity Maturation of a T-Cell Receptor-Like Antibody Specific for a Cytomegalovirus pp65-Derived Peptide Presented by HLA-A*02:01
Lee, S.-Y., Ko, D., Son, M.-J., Kim, J.-A., Jung, K., & Kim, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22052349 · Cited by 10
“In CMV-seropositive hosts, matrix protein pp65 is among the most frequently immunologically recognized CMV antigens [5], accounting for 70–90% of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cells’ (CTLs) response to CMV [6].”
Background
New approach to determine the healthy immune variations by combining clustering methods
Liefferinckx, C., Grève, Z. D., Toubeau, J., Perée, H., Quertinmont, E., Tafciu, V., Minsart, C., Rahmouni, S., Georges, M., Vallée, F., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88272-x · Cited by 16
Cytomegalovirus Infection Facilitates the Costimulation of CD57+CD28− CD8 T Cells in HIV Infection and Atherosclerosis via the CD2–LFA-3 Axis
Winchester, N., Panigrahi, S., Haria, A., Chakraborty, A., Su, X., Chen, B., Morris, S. R., Clagett, B. M., Juchnowski, S. M., Yadavalli, R., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2300267 · Cited by 10

Authors: Sylwester, A. W., Mitchell, B. L., Edgar, J. B., Taormina, C., Pelte, C., Ruchti, F., Sleath, P. R., Grabstein, K. H., Hosken, N. A., Kern, F., Nelson, J. A., & Picker, L. J.
Affiliations: Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
Corixa Corporation (US)
Stiftung Charité (DE)
ORCID: Hosken, Nancy A.
Kern, Florian
Nelson, Jay A.
Picker, Louis J.
Venue: The Journal of Experimental Medicine
Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
Published: 2005-09-05
Volume: 202
Issue: 5
Pages: 673-685
ISSN: 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
1540-9538
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050882
PMC: PMC2212883
OpenAlex: W2103849595
Cited by: 1,339
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 64
FWCI: 38.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (RR 00163, AI21640)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI047606, AI 47606, R01AI021640)
National Center for Research Resources (P51RR000163, M01RR000334)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Keywords: human cytomegalovirus, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, immunodominance, seropositive individuals, viral persistence
MeSH terms: Adult, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Cytomegalovirus, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Immunogenetics, Immunologic Memory, Male, Middle Aged, Peptides, Serologic Tests, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Open Reading Frames, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

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Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects

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