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Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects
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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections of immunocompetent hosts are characterized by a dynamic, life-long interaction in which host immune responses, particularly of T cells, restrain viral replication and prevent disease but do not eliminate the virus or preclude transmission. Because HCMV is among the largest and most complex of known viruses, the T cell resources committed to maintaining this balance have never been characterized completely. Here, using cytokine flow cytometry and 13,687 overlapping 15mer peptides comprising 213 HCMV open reading frames (ORFs), we found that 151 HCMV ORFs were immunogenic for CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells, and that ORF immunogenicity was influenced only modestly by ORF expression kinetics and function. We further documented that total HCMV-specific T cell responses in seropositive subjects were enormous, comprising on average ∼10% of both the CD4+ and CD8+ memory compartments in blood, whereas cross-reactive recognition of HCMV proteins in seronegative individuals was limited to CD8+ T cells and was rare. These data provide the first glimpse of the total human T cell response to a complex infectious agent and will provide insight into the rules governing immunodominance and cross-reactivity in complex viral infections of humans.
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“Infection with CMV causes a large accumulation of virus-specific memory T cells, so that approximately 10 % of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell pool becomes specific for this virus (Sylwester et al. 2005).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Sylwester et al. 2005
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“It is therefore currently unknown whether values such as 10 % of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell pool being specific for CMV is above, or below, the ideal threshold (Sylwester et al. 2005).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Sylwester et al. 2005
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Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination
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Murphy, E. A., Yu, D. L., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., Dickson, M. C., Jarvis, M. A., Hahn, G., Nelson, J. A., Myers, R., & Shenk, T. E. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2136652100 · Cited by 499 · cited 1×
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Cytomegalovirus in primary immunodeficiency
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“However, ∼ 10% of the memory T cell compartment of seropositive individuals consists of HCMV-specific T cells (Sylwester et al., 2005), and this number can dramatically rise in elderly (Vescovini et al., 2007).”
InfluentialEberhardt, M. K., Deshpande, A. A., Fike, J., Short, R., Schmidt, K. A., Blozis, S. A., Walter, M. R., & Barry, P. A. (2016) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00635-16 · Cited by 19
“Taken together, host immunity mostly protects against HCMV disease during primary infection, but host immune responses are insufficient to clear persistent reservoirs in infected hosts, despite extraordinarily large HCMV-specific T cell responses (11) and the induction of neutralizing antibodies against multiple HCMV…”
BackgroundPersistent viral infection in humans can drive high frequency low‐affinity T‐cell expansions
Khan, N., Cobbold, M., Cummerson, J. A., & Moss, P. A. H. (2010) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03326.x · Cited by 19
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“In HIV-negative, CMV sero-positive adults, up to 5% of circulating CD4 T cells are CMV specific [19].”
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“The same may be true for other structural proteins that are prominent targets of CD8+ T-cell memory responses (Boppana & Britt, 1996; Elkington et al., 2003; Sylwester et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe role of virus-specific adoptive T-cell therapy in hematopoietic transplantation
Sellar, R. S., & Peggs, K. S. (2012) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.3109/14653249.2012.662769 · Cited by 19
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“response against gL has been addressed in detail, and the findings extend observations revealing gB as the most frequently recognized CMV-derived protein, followed by gH and gL (31).”
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“This trend correlates well with the highly prevalent HCMV-specific memory T cell responses in HCMV-seropositive individuals, comprising approximately 10% of both the CD4 and CD8 memory T cell compartments in blood (28).”
ResultInfection of endotheliotropic human cytomegalovirus of trabecular meshwork cells
Shimizu, D., Miyazaki, D., Shimizu, Y., Hosogai, M., Kosugi, I., & Inoue, Y. (2018) · Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10384-018-0618-1 · Cited by 19
Abdelaziz, M. O., Ossmann, S., Kaufmann, A. M., Leitner, J. M., Steinberger, P., Willimsky, G., Raftery, M. J., & Schönrich, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01776 · Cited by 19
“These cells were transduced either with a retroviral vector encoding a HPV-specific TCR recognizing the HLA-A2-restricted peptide HPV E629−36 (51) or with a retroviral vector encoding HCMVspecific TCR detecting the HLA-A2-restricted HCMV epitope Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org 5 July 2019 | Volume 10 | A…”
BackgroundIncreased T Cell Differentiation and Cytolytic Function in Bangladeshi Compared to American Children
Wagar, L. E., Bolen, C. R., Sigal, N., Angel, C. J. L., Guan, L., Kirkpatrick, B. D., Haque, R., Tibshirani, R. J., Parsonnet, J., Petri, W. A., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02239 · Cited by 20
Houldcroft, C. J., Jackson, S. E., Lim, E. Y., Sedikides, G. X., Davies, E. L., Atkinson, C. E., McIntosh, M., Remmerswaal, E. B. M., Okecha, G., Bemelman, F. J., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00275 · Cited by 19
Latent Cytomegalovirus-Driven Recruitment of Activated CD4+ T Cells Promotes Virus Reactivation
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Cytomegalovirus as an Uninvited Guest in the Response to Vaccines in People Living with HIV
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ResultCMV and the Art of Memory Maintenance
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“CMVs are large viruses, with a number of open reading frames, but memory inflation is only seen for a small subset of epitopes from CMV proteins.”
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Deere, J. D., & Barry, P. (2014) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v6041483 · Cited by 19
“Primary HCMV infection stimulates robust immune responses, including broadly neutralizing antibodies to multiple envelope glycoproteins [19–21] and especially prominent antiviral T cell responses [22,23].”
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“Normally, a healthy immune system offers lifelong suppression against both primary and latent HCMV-associated pathologies, and large numbers of HCMV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells are observed in the peripheral blood of healthy virus carriers (27).”
BackgroundAsian Elephant T Cell Responses to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus
Fuery, A., Leen, A. M., Peng, R., Wong, M. C., Liu, H., & Ling, P. D. (2017) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01951-17 · Cited by 19
“Insufficiencies in cell-mediated immunity are a major risk factor in other herpesvirusassociated infections and reactivation in humans (cytomegalovirus [CMV] [3–7], varicella-zoster virus [VZV] [8, 9], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] [10], and human herpesvirus type 6 [HHV-6] [11]).”
BackgroundInfluentialMultimer monitoring of CMV-specific T cells in research and in clinical applications
Borchers, S., Ogonek, J., Varanasi, P. R., Tischer, S., Bremm, M., Eiz-Vesper, B., Koehl, U., & Weissinger, E. M. (2014) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.007 · Cited by 18
“However, not all individuals do react to the same extend, as the immune response is very broad (Sylwester et al., 2005).”
BackgroundHuman antibody technology and the development of antibodies against cytomegalovirus
Ohlin, M., & Söderberg‐Nauclér, C. (2015) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.026 · Cited by 19
Immunodominant cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in sub-Saharan African populations
Malik, A., Adland, E., Laker, L., Kløverpris, H. N., Fardoos, R., Roider, J., Severinsen, M. C., Chen, F., Riddell, L., Edwards, A., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189612 · Cited by 18
“These have previously been shown to be three of the most immunogenic CMV proteins [11] and are important for the structural assembly and replicative capacity of the virus [19].”
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“Intracellular Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Tumor-necrosis factor (TNF), and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were used separately or in combination to identify activated cells and the sum of the responses to all pools was used as a compound measure of T-cell responsiveness [35].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationImmunomonitoring of Human Breast Milk Cells During HCMV-Reactivation
Lazar, K., Kussmann, T., Pawelec, G., Pöschel, S., Goelz, R., Hamprecht, K., & Wistuba‐Hamprecht, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.723010 · Cited by 18
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Indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection: Implications for vaccine development
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“In summary, current evidence demonstrates little substantive proof of a causal interaction between cancer and CMV.”
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Zehner, M., Alt, M., Ashurov, A., Goldsmith, J. A., Spies, R., Weiler, N., Lerma, J., Gieselmann, L., Stöhr, D., Gruell, H., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.009 · Cited by 18
IL-27 expression regulation and its effects on adaptive immunity against viruses
Andres-Martin, F., James, C., & Catálfamo, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395921 · Cited by 19
Eberhardt, M. K., Chang, W. L. W., Logsdon, N. J., Yue, Y., Walter, M. R., & Barry, P. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037931 · Cited by 18
“inhibit NK function (UL16, UL18) [8,9].”
BackgroundDavis, J. M., Knutson, K. L., Skinner, J. A., Strausbauch, M. A., Crowson, C. S., Therneau, T. M., Wettstein, P. J., Matteson, E. L., & Gabriel, S. E. (2012) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar3706 · Cited by 19
“Remarkably, 10% of the entire memory T-cell repertoire in humans, on average, is devoted to defense against latent CMV infection, underscoring the impact of this virus on the immune system [32].”
BackgroundUnusual antigen presentation offers new insight into HIV vaccine design
McMichael, A. J., & Picker, L. J. (2017) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2017.04.009 · Cited by 18
Self-citationGabor, F. F., Jahn, G., Sedmak, D. D., & Sinzger, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00283 · Cited by 18
“In immunocompetent hosts, symptoms during the primary infection are typically mild, and during the latent phase the virus is well-controlled by a humoral and cellular immune response that specifically targets many of the viral proteins (Sylwester et al., 2005; McCormick and Mocarski, 2015; Jackson et al., 2019).”
BackgroundImmune fingerprinting through repertoire similarity
Dupic, T., Koraichi, M. B., Minervina, A. A., Pogorelyy, M. V., Mora, T., & Walczak, A. M. (2021) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009301 · Cited by 19
“These variations stem from the clonal structure of the repertoire, and correlate with measures of diversity (S2 Fig), which is known to vary a lot between individuals and correlates with age [22], serological status, and infectious disease history [23, 24].”
BackgroundHyun, Y., Jo, H.-A., Lee, Y., Kim, S., Baek, I., Sohn, H., Cho, H.-I., & Kim, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.602014 · Cited by 18
“Considering that the average magnitude of CD8 T cell response was also higher than that of the CD4 T cell response in the study of T cell responses to CMV ORFs (33), CMV-specific T cells are more selected by HLA class I than the HLA class II.”
BackgroundTranslational Utility of the Nonhuman Primate Model
Tarantal, A. F., Hartigan-O’Connor, D. J., & Noctor, S. C. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.001 · Cited by 18
“nearly 60% of all immune phenotypes and functional responses, including a major impact on the memory T cell pool, with about 10% of the memory T cell repertoire (both CD4+ and CD8+) being CMV specific (104).”
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“Of note, previously published results on UL86-specific responses were based on experiments with a raw peptide pool [5], which, owing to the sheer number of peptides involved in that study (> 15,000), was subject to limited quality control.”
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“It is one of the most highly expressed CMV proteins, and it is also one of the most dominant CD4 and CD8 T cell antigen derived from CMV [14].”
BackgroundBurton, C., Gotch, F. M., & Imami, N. (2005) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2005.11.005 · Cited by 18
Evaluation of Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses with a Miniaturized and Automated Method
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Modelling cytomegalovirus replication patterns in the human host: factors important for pathogenesis
Regoes, R. R., Bowen, E. F., Cope, A. V., Gor, D., Hassan‐Walker, A. F., Prentice, H. G., Johnson, M. A., Sweny, P., Burroughs, A. K., Griffiths, P. D., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3506 · Cited by 18
Recent Approaches and Strategies in the Generation of Antihuman Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
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“In addition to neutralizing antibodies, individuals convalescent for HCMV have a robust T-cell response to various viral proteins (including pp65 and IE1), which likely contribute to a protective convalescent immune response [57,58].”
Cui, J., Zhao, K., Sun, Y., Wen, R., Zhang, X., Li, X., & Long, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.971156 · Cited by 17
“ASP0113 contains two types of plasmids encoding the CMV antigens tegument pp65 and gB: the former is a major structural protein of CMV, and it is also a dominant CMV antigen recognized by CD4 and CD8 T cells (116); the latter is a surface protein that is neutralized by antibodies (117).”
BackgroundCardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
Zaaqoq, A. M., Khasawneh, F. A., & Smalligan, R. D. (2015) · Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2015/302638 · Cited by 21
Evolution of CD8 + T Cell Responses after Acute PARV4 Infection
Simmons, R., Sharp, C., Levine, J., Bowness, P., Peter Simmonds, K., Cox, A. L., & Klenerman, P. (2013) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02793-12 · Cited by 17
Wilski, N. A., Casale, C. D., Purwin, T. J., Aplin, A. E., & Snyder, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00533-19 · Cited by 17
Rashidi, A., Luo, X., Cooley, S., Anasetti, C., Waller, E. K., Brunstein, C. G., Cichocki, F. M., Weisdorf, D. J., & Miller, J. S. (2019) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000298 · Cited by 17
“Chronic myeloid leukemia 25 (10) 13 (10) 12 (9) Myelodysplastic syndrome 40 (15) 22 (18) 18 (14)”
Immune Prophylaxis and Therapy for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Struble, E. B., Murata, H., Komatsu, T. E., & Scott, D. E. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168728 · Cited by 17
“The tegument protein pp65 and the immediate early gene product IE1 are also considered as potential vaccine antigens because they are potent inducers of T-cell responses [65].”
BackgroundVirus-specific T-cell therapy in solid organ transplantation
Roemhild, A., & Reinke, P. (2015) · Transplant International · doi:10.1111/tri.12659 · Cited by 17
“Thus, cellular immunity which is characterized by high frequencies of CMVspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes plays the major role in controlling CMV infection [13].”
BackgroundFabre-Mersseman, V., Besold, K., Reddehase, M. J., Uwe Wolfrum, B., Strand, D. J., Plachter, B., & Reyda, S. (2008) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.83380-0 · Cited by 17
“However, recent studies showed that non-structural antigens, such as IE proteins, may also contribute significantly to the priming of a natural T-cell response against HCMV in humans (Elkington et al., 2003; Khan et al., 2005; Manley et al., 2004; Sylwester et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialNesterenko, P. A., McLaughlin, J., Cheng, D., Bangayan, N. J., Sojo, G. B., Seet, C. S., Yu, Q., Mao, Z., Obusan, M. B., Phillips, J. W., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2021190118 · Cited by 16
“For discovery purposes, pools of over 100 peptides can be routinely used (33, 36, 39, 40).”
CD28/B7-Mediated Co-stimulation Is Critical for Early Control of Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection
Cook, C. H., Chen, L., Wen, J., Zimmerman, P., Zhang, Y., Trgovcich, J., Liu, Y., & Gao, J. (2009) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/vim.2008.0080 · Cited by 17
“Viral clearance is further dependent upon intact T-cell responses, with CMV inducing specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses in infected hosts (16,48,52,54–56, 66, 67).”
UL40 Human Cytomegalovirus Variability Evolution Patterns Over Time in Renal Transplant Recipients
Garrigue, I., Faure, M., Magnin, N., Recordon-Pinson, P., Couzi, L., Lebrette, M.-E., Schrive, M., Roncin, L., Taupin, J., Déchanet‐Merville, J., et al. (2008) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0b013e3181859edd · Cited by 17
“CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytic responses are mostly directed against surface glycoproteins gB and gH (UL55 and UL75), immediate early proteins IE1 and IE2 (UL123, UL122), and the tegument protein pp65 (UL83) (1).”
BackgroundMehdizadeh, M., Karami, S., Nazari, H. G., Sankanian, G., Hamidpour, M., & Hajifathali, A. (2021) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.322 · Cited by 15
“Subsequent studies declared that peripheral blood of healthy CMV seropositive adults contains both CD4 and CD8 CMV-specific memory T cells targeting broad CMV genome epitopes, especially pp65 and IE.(21,22) Therefore, both MHC class Iand II-restricted epitopes are essential to induce and maintain an optimal antiviral…”
BackgroundHuman herpesvirus diversity is altered in HLA class I binding peptides
Palmer, W. H., Telford, M., Navarro, A., Santpere, G., & Norman, P. J. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2123248119 · Cited by 16
Alfi, O., Cohen, M., Bar-On, S., Hashimshony, T., Levitt, L., Raz, Y., Blecher, Y., Chaudhry, M. Z., Čičin‐Šain, L., Ben-El, R. T. G., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113698 · Cited by 17
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Bengnér, M., Béziat, V., Ernerudh, J., Nilsson, B.-O., Löfgren, S., Wikby, A., Malmberg, K., & Strindhall, J. (2013) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9587-y · Cited by 16
“CMV encodes several highly immunogenic antigens and a high proportion of the total CD8 + T cell repertoire is specific for CMV in seropositive donors (Kern et al. 1999, 2002; Lidehall et al. 2005; Sylwester et al. 2005).”
Probiotics as Anti-immunosenescence Agents
Sharma, R., Kapila, R., & Kapila, S. (2013) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2012.751547 · Cited by 16
Genetic Influence on the Peripheral Blood CD4+T-cell Differentiation Status in CMV Infection
Goldeck, D., Larsen, L. A., Christiansen, L., Christensen, K., Hamprecht, K., Pawelec, G., & Derhovanessian, E. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv230 · Cited by 16
Jash, A., Zhou, Y. W., Gerardo, D. K., Ripperger, T. J., Parikh, B. A., Piersma, S. J., Jamwal, D. R., Kiela, P. R., Boon, A. C. M., Yokoyama, W. M., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51860-z · Cited by 15
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Quirós-Roldán, E., Properzi, M., Paghera, S., Raffetti, E., Castelli, F., & Imberti, L. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67100-8 · Cited by 17
Dhanwani, R., Dhanda, S. K., Pham, J. W., Williams, G. P., Sidney, J., Grifoni, A., Picarda, G. G. A., Arlehamn, C. S. L., Sette, A., & Benedict, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00940-21 · Cited by 15
“815 816 817 818 Characteristics Screening cohort Validation cohort HCMV+ HCMV+ HCMVTotal participants enrolled, n 19 10 10 Males/females 10/9 3/7 3/7 Median age (range) 65 (28-80) 35.”
BackgroundRiedel, F., Aparicio‐Soto, M., Curato, C., Münch, L., Abbas, A., Thierse, H., Peitsch, W. K., Luch, A., & Siewert, K. (2022) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15494 · Cited by 16
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Cytomegalovirus-Specific T-Cell Therapies: Current Status and Future Prospects
Nicholson, E., & Peggs, K. S. (2015) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt.14.99 · Cited by 16
Bajwa, M., Vita, S., Vescovini, R., Larsen, M., Sansoni, P., Terrazzini, N., Caserta, S., Thomas, D. W., Davies, K. A., Smith, H. E., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw371 · Cited by 16
“UL94, UL99, UL103, UL122, UL123, UL151, UL153, US3, US24, US29, and US32 were prepared by solid-phase synthesis [11, 13].”
BackgroundSelf-citationExamining the Species-Specificity of Rhesus Macaque Cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) in Cynomolgus Macaques
Marsh, A. K., Ambagala, A. P. N., Perciani, C. T., Russell, J. N. H., Chan, J. K., Janes, M., Antony, J. M., Pilon, R., Sandstrom, P. A., Willer, D. O., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121339 · Cited by 16
The Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of Human Cytomegalovirus from Primary Infection to Reactivation
Liu, X., Liu, C., & Zhang, T. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14100998 · Cited by 15
“These cells exhibit reduced T cell receptor (TCR) diversity and functional exhaustion [102], gradually occupying substantial immunological space and contributing to “memory inflation” [103].”
Ganeshanandan, L., & Lucas, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031127 · Cited by 18
Watanabe, M., Jergović, M., Davidson, L., LaFleur, B., Castaneda, Y., Martinez, C., Smithey, M. J., Stowe, R. P., Haddad, E. K., & Nikolich‐Žugich, J. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13681 · Cited by 15
“Total EM population was then divided into effector memory (EM) and CD45RA+ EM (TEMRA) using CCR7 and CD45RA.”
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Self-citationA Diverse Repertoire of CD4 T Cells Targets the Immediate-Early 1 Protein of Human Cytomegalovirus
Ameres, S., Liang, X.-L., Wiesner, M., Mautner, J., & Moosmann, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00598 · Cited by 20
“However, employing different techniques to measure IE-1-specific CD4 T cells, several studies identified them in only about one-third of HCMV-positive donors (9, 22, 24), whereas others did not detect them at all (25, 26).”
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Hall, C. E., Kopardé, V. N., Jameson-Lee, M., Elnasseh, A., Scalora, A. F., Kobulnicky, D. J., Serrano, M. G., Roberts, C. H., Buck, G. A., Neale, M. C., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178763 · Cited by 15
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Impact of cytomegalovirus load on host response to sepsis
Marandu, T. F., Dombek, M., & Cook, C. H. (2019) · Medical Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/s00430-019-00603-y · Cited by 15
Gogesch, P., Penner, I., Krauter, S., Büscher, N., Grode, L., Aydin, I., & Plachter, B. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7030104 · Cited by 15
Pickering, H. C., Schaenman, J. M. D., Rossetti, M. M., Ahn, R., Sunga, G. M., Liang, E. C., Bunnapradist, S., & Reed, E. F. (2022) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.016 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Sylwester, A. W., Mitchell, B. L., Edgar, J. B., Taormina, C., Pelte, C., Ruchti, F., Sleath, P. R., Grabstein, K. H., Hosken, N. A., Kern, F., Nelson, J. A., & Picker, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
- Corixa Corporation (US)
- Stiftung Charité (DE)
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2005-09-05
- Volume
- 202
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 673-685
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2212883
- OpenAlex
- W2103849595
- Cited by
- 1,339
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 38.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (RR 00163, AI21640)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI047606, AI 47606, R01AI021640)
- National Center for Research Resources (P51RR000163, M01RR000334)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- human cytomegalovirus, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, immunodominance, seropositive individuals, viral persistence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Cytomegalovirus, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Immunogenetics, Immunologic Memory, Male, Middle Aged, Peptides, Serologic Tests, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Open Reading Frames, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
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