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Time Course Global Gene Expression Analysis of an In Vivo Candida Biofilm
Open accessAbstract
Candida infection of devices is common and invariably associated with biofilm growth. Exploratory microarray studies were undertaken to identify target genes associated with biofilm formation from an in vivo catheter model over time. We compared messenger RNA levels from Candida albicans grown in an in vivo central venous catheter biofilm model at 12 h (intermediate growth) and 24 h (mature) to in vitro planktonic cells without a biofilm substrate, using C. albicans oligo arrays. A total of 124 transcripts were similarly up-regulated at the 12- and 24-h time points. Ontology categories most highly represented included energy/metabolism (12%), carbohydrate (10%), and protein (13%) synthesis and modification, and transport (6%). Numerous genes were previously identified from in vitro biofilm studies. These genes included those associated with hyphal growth, amino acid metabolism, adherence, drug resistance, ergosterol biosynthesis, and beta-glucan synthesis. In the current data set, adherence genes were unique to those from the earlier time point. Differences between the current in vivo biofilm expression data and that previously reported from in vitro models, including alterations in metabolism and carbohydrate processing, may be due to the continuous availability of nutrients from host serum and the incorporation of the host-pathogen interaction.
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“In planktonic cells, these efflux pumps are typically upregulated in response to antifungal drugs; in biofilms, however, they become upregulated within the first few hours of surface contact and remain upregulated throughout biofilm development, whether or not an antifungal drug is present (119, 126, 133, 140, 156, 205).”
From Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [133]
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“While under treatment with antifungals, biofilm cells up-regulate these transporters within six hours of surface contact both in vitro and in vivo, even in the absence of drug [136,137,138,139].”
From Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come? (2017) · cites this paper as [136]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nett, J. E., Lepak, A. J., Marchillo, K., & Andes, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Andes, David R.
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-07-15
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 307-313
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- PMC
- PMC3159582
- OpenAlex
- W2017784916
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 7.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007899)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI073289)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, biofilm, catheter-related infection, central venous catheters, gene expression, transcriptome, planktonic versus biofilm growth, hyphal growth, adherence genes, drug resistance, ergosterol biosynthesis, β-glucan synthesis, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, host-pathogen interaction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Candida albicans, Catheterization, Central Venous, Catheters, Indwelling, Disease Models, Animal, RNA, Fungal, RNA, Messenger, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Biofilms, Gene Expression Profiling, Rats
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