The filamentation pathway controlled by the Efg1 regulator protein is required for normal biofilm formation and development in Candida albicans
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilms are structured microbial communities composed of a mixture of yeast cells and hyphal elements, suggesting a pivotal role for the dimorphic switch in the development of biofilms. We have used C. albicans mutants defective in genes involved in filamentation (Δcph1, Δefg1, Δhst7, and Δcst20) and compared these mutants to wild-type strains to determine whether filamentation is an integral factor for biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Δcph1, Δhst7 and Δcst20 mutants were able to filament and form structured biofilms displaying three-dimensional architecture similar to those formed by wild-type strains. However, Δefg1 and Δcph1/Δefg1 mutants were unable to filament and did not form biofilms, but rather sparse monolayers of loosely attached elongated, rod-like, cells. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed intrinsic resistance of all mutant strains to fluconazole and amphotericin B when attached to the surface of biomaterials. These results suggest that hyphal formation is pivotal for biofilm development in C. albicans. However, the sessile lifestyle associated with adherent cells confers antifungal resistance, regardless of coherent biofilm formation.
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Hyphae are an important structural component of C. albicans biofilms; genes required for hyphal growth in suspension cultures are also necessary for proper biofilm formation.
“Although they readily form in planktonic cultures, hyphae are an important structural component of C. albicans biofilms; thus, it is not surprising that genes required for hyphal growth in suspension cultures are also necessary for proper biofilm formation.”
From <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [163]
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- Authors
- Ramage, G., VandeWalle, K., López-Ribot, J. L., & Wickes, B. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wickes, Brian L
- Venue
- FEMS Microbiology Letters
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-100
- ISSN
- 0378-1097 (ISSN-L)
- 1574-6968
- OpenAlex
- W1981442035
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 5.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEMS Microbiology Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, biofilm formation, hyphal development, antifungal resistance, fluconazole resistance, amphotericin B resistance, Cph1, yeast-to-hypha transition
- MeSH terms
- Amphotericin B, Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Culture Media, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fungal Proteins, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Transcription Factors, Fluconazole, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Biofilms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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