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Chronic neural recordings using silicon microelectrode arrays electrochemically deposited with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film
Open accessAbstract
Conductive polymer coatings can be used to modify traditional electrode recording sites with the intent of improving the long-term performance of cortical microelectrodes. Conductive polymers can drastically decrease recording site impedance, which in turn is hypothesized to reduce thermal noise and signal loss through shunt pathways. Moreover, conductive polymers can be seeded with agents aimed at promoting neural growth toward the recording sites or minimizing the inherent immune response. The end goal of these efforts is to generate an ideal long-term interface between the recording electrode and surrounding tissue. The goal of this study was to refine a method to electrochemically deposit surfactant-templated ordered poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films on the recording sites of standard 'Michigan' probes and to evaluate the efficacy of these modified sites in recording chronic neural activity. PEDOT-coated site performance was compared to control sites over a six-week evaluation period in terms of impedance spectroscopy, signal-to-noise ratio, number of viable unit potentials recorded and local field potential recordings. PEDOT sites were found to outperform control sites with respect to signal-to-noise ratio and number of viable unit potentials. The benefit of reduced initial impedance, however, was mitigated by the impedance contribution of typical silicon electrode encapsulation. Coating sites with PEDOT also reduced the amount of low-frequency drift evident in local field potential recordings. These findings indicate that electrode sites electrochemically deposited with PEDOT films are suitable for recording neural activity in vivo for extended periods. This study also provided a unique opportunity to monitor how neural recording characteristics develop over the six weeks following implantation.
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Güemes, A., Dominguez‐Alfaro, A., Mizuta, R., Velasco‐Bosom, S., Carnicer‐Lombarte, A., Barone, D. G., Mecerreyes, D., & Malliaras, G. G. (2023) · Materials Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ma00949a · Cited by 7
Pérez-Nava, A., Hernández-Acosta, I., González‐Campos, J. B., & Frontana‐Uribe, B. A. (2025) · Progress in Organic Coatings · doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109105 · Cited by 7
Heme protein-mediated synthesis of PEDOT:PSS: enhancing conductivity by inhibiting heme degradation
Flores, J. J., Payne, C. K., & Morris, J. D. (2017) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c7ra00887b · Cited by 7
Pepłowski, A., Rathi, S., Piotrkowski, B., Ziółkowski, R., Janczak, D., Krzemiński, J., Brosch, M., & Jakubowska, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.594235 · Cited by 7
Active Control of Dye Release for Neuronal Tracing Using PEDOT-PSS Coated Electrodes
Heizmann, S., Kilias, A., Ruther, P., Egert, U., & Asplund, M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2016.2606559 · Cited by 7
Advanced organic electroactive nanomaterials for biomedical use
Zuppolini, S., Guarino, V., & Borriello, A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816865-3.00006-8 · Cited by 7
Wang, M., Guo, B., Ji, B., Ye, F., Wang, L., Ye, L., Chen, Y., Cheng, Y., Dong, L., & Wang, G. (2021) · IEEE Electron Device Letters · doi:10.1109/led.2021.3051617 · Cited by 7
Kilohertz Electrical Stimulation Nerve Conduction Block: Effects of Electrode Material
Patel, Y., Kim, B. S., & Butera, R. J. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2017.2737954 · Cited by 8
Open-architecture Neural Probes Reduce Cellular Encapsulation
Seymour, J. P., & Kipke, D. R. (2006) · MRS Proceedings · doi:10.1557/proc-0926-cc02-04 · Cited by 7
Self-citationProof of Concept for Sustainable Manufacturing of Neural Electrode Array for In Vivo Recording
Li, S.-Y., Tseng, H.-Y., Chen, B., Lo, Y., Shao, H.-H., Wu, Y.-T., Li, S., Chang, C.-W., Liu, T., Hsieh, F.-Y., et al. (2023) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios13020280 · Cited by 7
Microfabricated nerve–electrode interfaces in neural prosthetics and neural engineering
Song, Y., Ibrahim, A. M. S., Rabie, A. N., Han, J., & Lin, S. J. (2013) · Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews · doi:10.1080/02648725.2013.801231 · Cited by 6
PEDOT:PSS coated gold nanopillar microelectrodes for neural interfaces
Nick, C., Thielemann, C., & Schlaak, H. F. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO) · doi:10.1109/3m-nano.2014.7057309 · Cited by 6
Boutte, R. W., & Blair, S. (2016) · Biomedical Microdevices · doi:10.1007/s10544-016-0140-5 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Ludwig, K. A., Uram, J. D., Yang, J., Martin, D. C., & Kipke, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Dow Chemical (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2006-03-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-70
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- OpenAlex
- W2057005089
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 8.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9986866, 0518079, 0084304)
- University of Michigan
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01 NS 12338)
- Division of Materials Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Keywords
- PEDOT, conducting polymer coatings, chronic neural recording, electrodeposition, electrode impedance, signal-to-noise ratio, local field potentials, low-frequency drift
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Electrochemistry, Electrodes, Implanted, Equipment Design, Male, Membranes, Artificial, Microelectrodes, Motor Cortex, Neurons, Polymers, Silicon, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Equipment Failure Analysis, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Rats
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