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Silicon photonic processor of two-qubit entangling quantum logic

Santagati, R, Silverstone, J W, Strain, M J, Sorel, M, Miki, S, Yamashita, T, Fujiwara, M, Sasaki, M, Terai, H, Tanner, M G, Natarajan, C M, Hadfield, R H, O’Brien, J L, Thompson, M G·2017·Journal of Optics
DOI 10.1088/2040-8986/aa8d56
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Figure 1 Device and apparatus overview. ( a ) Operating principles. ( i ) Non-degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing, ( ii ) quantum circuit description. ( b ) Schematic of the silicon quantum photonic chip. A pump laser is coupled into the device, coherently pumping two spiralled RHOM sources which produce two photons entangled or separable in path. These are fed into a recon fi gurable linear optical network which can entangle or disentangle them, and analyse the output. ( c ) Off-chip apparatus. A continuous wave ( CW ) tunable laser source ( TLS ) is polarisation controlled ( PC ) , ampli fi ed ( EDFA ) , fi ltered and coupled onto the chip using lensed fi bres and spot-size converters. Signal, idler, and pump photons coupled back into fi bre in the same way, then spatially separated using dense wavelength-division multiplexers ( DWDM ) , detected using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors ( SNSPD ) , and the output signal is analysed by a time interval analyser ( TIA ) . ( d ) Electron ( i ) and optical ( ii ) micrographs of the device.
Figure 1 Device and apparatus overview. ( a ) Operating principles. ( i ) Non-degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing, ( ii ) quantum circuit description. ( b ) Schematic of the silicon quantum photonic chip. A pump laser is coupled into the device, coherently pumping two spiralled RHOM sources which produce two photons entangled or separable in path. These are fed into a recon fi gurable linear optical network which can entangle or disentangle them, and analyse the output. ( c ) Off-chip apparatus. A continuous wave ( CW ) tunable laser source ( TLS ) is polarisation controlled ( PC ) , ampli fi ed ( EDFA ) , fi ltered and coupled onto the chip using lensed fi bres and spot-size converters. Signal, idler, and pump photons coupled back into fi bre in the same way, then spatially separated using dense wavelength-division multiplexers ( DWDM ) , detected using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors ( SNSPD ) , and the output signal is analysed by a time interval analyser ( TIA ) . ( d ) Electron ( i ) and optical ( ii ) micrographs of the device.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Quantum interference for the two sources, measuring coincidences from the outputs ¢ OUT T and ¢ OUT B , obtained by pumping each RHOM source and scanning the source internal phase, f T or f B . The imperfect interference can be explained in terms of imbalance in the on-chip evanescent coupler beam splitters.
Figure 2 Quantum interference for the two sources, measuring coincidences from the outputs ¢ OUT T and ¢ OUT B , obtained by pumping each RHOM source and scanning the source internal phase, f T or f B . The imperfect interference can be explained in terms of imbalance in the on-chip evanescent coupler beam splitters.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Two-qubit state properties, direct from the source, as a function of the input state control phase, f b . ( a ) Balance between the ñ ∣ 00 and the ñ ∣ 11 components of the state, see equation ( 2 ) . ( b ) Schmidt number. ( c ) CHSH parameter. Maximal entanglement occurs when the state is balanced, when f p = b 2 . Error bars were computed as one standard deviation of 200 trials around each tomographic measurement, each with a random sampling of Poisson photon noise. We assume a control phase uncertainty of p  50 .
Figure 3 Two-qubit state properties, direct from the source, as a function of the input state control phase, f b . ( a ) Balance between the ñ ∣ 00 and the ñ ∣ 11 components of the state, see equation ( 2 ) . ( b ) Schmidt number. ( c ) CHSH parameter. Maximal entanglement occurs when the state is balanced, when f p = b 2 . Error bars were computed as one standard deviation of 200 trials around each tomographic measurement, each with a random sampling of Poisson photon noise. We assume a control phase uncertainty of p  50 .CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Reconstructed output states for various source and gate con fi gurations. States ( a ) , ( c ) , ( e ) are seeded by an entangled source state, while ( b ) , ( d ) , ( f ) are seeded by a ñ ∣ 11 source state. States ( a ) , ( b ) bypass the gate; ( c ) , ( d ) pass through the gate set to ˆ I ; and ( e ) , ( f ) pass through the gate set to ˆ cz , and include the phase information, below. State properties are compiled in table 1. Device con fi gurations producing each set of states are shown at right.
Figure 4 Reconstructed output states for various source and gate con fi gurations. States ( a ) , ( c ) , ( e ) are seeded by an entangled source state, while ( b ) , ( d ) , ( f ) are seeded by a ñ ∣ 11 source state. States ( a ) , ( b ) bypass the gate; ( c ) , ( d ) pass through the gate set to ˆ I ; and ( e ) , ( f ) pass through the gate set to ˆ cz , and include the phase information, below. State properties are compiled in table 1. Device con fi gurations producing each set of states are shown at right.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Detail of phase entanglement, separability of states shown in fi gures 4 ( e ) and ( f ) . Since the cz gate operates on phase, random, fi xed, local z -rotations obscure the underlying performance. The connection between the measured and ideal states, via numerical optimisation of z t and z b , is shown for ( a ) the gate-entangled, and ( b ) gate-disentangled states. In both cases, the ideal density matrix magnitude is constant, r = ∣ ˆ ∣ 1 4 i j , .
Figure 5 Detail of phase entanglement, separability of states shown in fi gures 4 ( e ) and ( f ) . Since the cz gate operates on phase, random, fi xed, local z -rotations obscure the underlying performance. The connection between the measured and ideal states, via numerical optimisation of z t and z b , is shown for ( a ) the gate-entangled, and ( b ) gate-disentangled states. In both cases, the ideal density matrix magnitude is constant, r = ∣ ˆ ∣ 1 4 i j , .CC-BY · From the PDF

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Citations

Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Santagati, R., Silverstone, J. W., Strain, M. J., Sorel, M., Miki, S., Yamashita, T., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., Terai, H., Tanner, M. G., Natarajan, C. M., Hadfield, R. H., O’Brien, J. L., & Thompson, M. G.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Optics
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Published
2017-10-20
Volume
19
Issue
11
Pages
114006
ISSN
  • 2040-8978
  • 2040-8986
DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/aa8d56
Cited by
43
References
7
Licence
Funders
  • Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award)
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/L024020/1, EP/K033085/1, Doctoral Training Account, Early Career Fellowship)
  • European Research Council (640079 QPE ERC-2014-ST, BBOI, QUCHIP)
  • RAENG (Chair in Emerging Technologies)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Silicon photonic processor of two-qubit entangling quantum logic. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/2040-8986/aa8d56
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Santagati, R., Silverstone, J. W., Strain, M. J., Sorel, M., Miki, S., Yamashita, T., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., Terai, H., Tanner, M. G., Natarajan, C. M., Hadfield, R. H., O’Brien, J. L., & Thompson, M. G. (2017). Silicon photonic processor of two-qubit entangling quantum logic. Journal of Optics. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa8d56