Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD Vietnam veterans: A case study
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) integrates real‐time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer‐generated virtual environment that changes in a natural way with head and body motion. VR exposure (VRE) is proposed as an alternative to typical imaginal exposure treatment for Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This report presents the results of the first Vietnam combat veteran with PTSD to have been treated with VRE. The patient was exposed to two virtual environments, a virtual Huey helicopter flying over a virtual Vietnam and a clearing surrounded by jungle. The patient experienced a 34% decrease on clinician‐rated PTSD and a 45% decrease on self‐rated PTSD. Treatment gains were maintained at 6‐month follow‐up.
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The review identified that virtual reality exposure therapy was very effective for war PTSD.
“Three studies11,27,32 indicated that virtual reality exposure therapy was very effective for war posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).”
From Game-based digital interventions for depression therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
The unique experience of virtual reality exposure therapy was reported to be particularly effective for reducing depression caused by fear.
“The unique experience of virtual reality exposure therapy was reported to be particularly effective for reducing depression caused by fear.27,32”
From Game-based digital interventions for depression therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Alarcon, R., Ready, D., Shahar, F., Graap, K., Pair, J., Hebert, P., Gotz, D., Wills, B., & Baltzell, D.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Atlanta VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rothbaum, Barbara Olasov
- Venue
- Journal of Traumatic Stress
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 263-271
- ISSN
- 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6598
- OpenAlex
- W2117071555
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r21mh055555-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (5 R21 MH55555-02)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Simulation and Modeling Applications
- Keywords
- virtual reality exposure therapy, post-traumatic stress disorder, Vietnam War veterans, combat veterans, Vietnam War, virtual worlds, treatment outcomes, maintenance therapy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reality Therapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Vietnam, Warfare
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