Internet-Risk Classes of Adolescents, Dispositional Mindfulness and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Mediational Model
Abstract
This study was primarily aimed at identifying classes of adolescents in relation to their probability of endorsing several risks associated with the Internet (cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, cyberdating abuse victimization, and perpetration, sexting, and grooming). The second objective was to examine a mediational model linking dispositional mindfulness, risk perception, exposure to antisocial content in the media, Internet-risk classes of adolescents, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). The sample comprised 3,076 adolescents (46.2% boys, ages between 12 and 21). Latent class analyses indicated the existence of five classes related to the probability of endorsing Internet risks: No risk (60.75%), only cyberbullying (25.5%), cyberbullying and cyberdating abuse (6.7%), all risks (4.3%), and sexual risk (2.9%). Three mindfulness facets, namely, acting with awareness, nonreacting, and nonjudging, were associated with all the classes of risks. This association was partially explained by the degree of exposure to antisocial content in the media and risk perception. Finally, membership in the Internet-risk classes was associated with a lower HRQL.
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Further studies revealed that cybergrooming victimization might negatively affect mental well-being, for example, in terms of lower health-related quality of life and negative emotional impact.
“Further studies revealed that cybergrooming victimization might negatively affect mental well-being, for example, in terms of lower health-related quality of life (Calvete et al., 2020; Ortega-Barón et al., 2022) and negative emotional impact (Finkelhor et al., 2023).”
From Cybergrooming Victimization Among Young People: A Systematic Review of Prevalence Rates, Risk Factors, and Outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Calvete et al., 2020
Dispositional mindfulness and risk perception were investigated as protective factors for cybergrooming victimization, but negative correlations were found only with some facets of dispositional mindfulness.
“Dispositional mindfulness and risk perception were investigated as protective factors for cybergrooming victimization, but negative correlations were found only with some facets of dispositional mindfulness (Calvete et al., 2020).”
From Cybergrooming Victimization Among Young People: A Systematic Review of Prevalence Rates, Risk Factors, and Outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Calvete et al., 2020
The three studies that assessed both (cyber)bullying victimization and perpetration showed a strong tendency for cybergrooming victimization to be more closely related to (cyber)bullying victimization than perpetration.
“The three studies that assessed both (cyber)bullying victimization and perpetration (Calvete et al., 2021a-Study 2; Calvete et al., 2020; Wachs et al., 2015) showed a strong tendency for cybergrooming victimization to be more closely related to (cyber)bullying victimization than perpetration.”
From Cybergrooming Victimization Among Young People: A Systematic Review of Prevalence Rates, Risk Factors, and Outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Calvete et al., 2020
Cybergrooming victimization or sexual solicitation but not sexual interaction was positively associated with cyber dating abuse perpetration.
“Additionally, cybergrooming victimization or sexual solicitation but not sexual interaction was positively associated with cyber dating abuse perpetration (Calvete et al., 2020, 2023).”
From Cybergrooming Victimization Among Young People: A Systematic Review of Prevalence Rates, Risk Factors, and Outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Calvete et al., 2020
A positive correlation between cybergrooming victimization and cyber dating abuse victimization was found.
“For example, a positive correlation between cybergrooming victimization and cyber dating abuse victimization was found (Calvete et al., 2020, 2023; Machimbarrena et al., 2018).”
From Cybergrooming Victimization Among Young People: A Systematic Review of Prevalence Rates, Risk Factors, and Outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Calvete et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., González-Cabrera, J., Machimbarrena, J. M., & Orue, I.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Deusto (ES)
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment, and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
- University of the Basque Country (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Calvete, Esther
- Venue
- Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-08-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 533-540
- ISSN
- 2152-2715 (ISSN-L)
- 2152-2723
- OpenAlex
- W3022322739
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Re-Unir (International University of La Rioja) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- online risks, adolescents, cyberbullying, sexting, online grooming, trait mindfulness, health-related quality of life, risk perception, latent class analysis, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Cyberbullying, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Quality of Life, Risk Assessment, Internet, Young Adult, Mindfulness
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