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Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women
Open accessAbstract
Background Metabolic studies suggest that saturated fatty acids differ in their effects on blood lipids.Objective The objective was to examine the associations between intakes of individual saturated fatty acids and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).Design This was a prospective cohort study of 80082 women in the Nurses' Health Study aged 34-59 y. Subjects had no known cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes, and completed validated food-frequency questionnaires in 1980.Results During 14 y of follow-up, we documented 939 incident cases of major CHD events. In multivariate analyses in which age, smoking, and other covariates were controlled for, intakes of short- to medium-chain saturated fatty acids (4:0-10:0) were not significantly associated with the risk of CHD. In contrast, intakes of longer-chain saturated fatty acids (12:0-18:0) were each separately associated with a small increase in risk. The multivariate RR for a 1% energy increase from stearic acid was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.37). The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat was strongly and inversely associated with CHD risk (multivariate RR for a comparison of the highest with the lowest deciles: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.83; P for trend < 0.0001). Conversely, higher ratios of red meat to poultry and fish consumption and of high-fat to low-fat dairy consumption were associated with significantly greater risk.Conclusion A distinction between stearic acid and other saturated fats does not appear to be important in dietary advice to reduce CHD risk, in part because of the high correlation between stearic acid and other saturated fatty acids in typical diets.
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“Emerging evidence suggests that the effect of a saturated fat on CHD may depend on the type of fatty acid and the specific food source (i.e., dairy vs. meat) (160,161).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [161]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Ascherio, A., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Willett, W. C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Frank B
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1001-1008
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150396523
- Cited by
- 661
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 9.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL24074, HL34594, R01HL034594)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-40356)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- saturated fatty acids, coronary artery disease, women, stearic acid, long-chain saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio, dietary fat intake, food sources, red meat consumption, milk fat, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Coronary Disease, Dairy Products, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Meat, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Women's Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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