Cited by 661Fatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and DietCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

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Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women

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Hu, Frank B, Stampfer, Meir J, Manson, JoAnn E, Ascherio, Alberto, Colditz, Graham A, Speizer, Frank E, Hennekens, Charles H, Willett, Walter C·1999·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1093/ajcn/70.6.1001

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Abstract

Background Metabolic studies suggest that saturated fatty acids differ in their effects on blood lipids.Objective The objective was to examine the associations between intakes of individual saturated fatty acids and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).Design This was a prospective cohort study of 80082 women in the Nurses' Health Study aged 34-59 y. Subjects had no known cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes, and completed validated food-frequency questionnaires in 1980.Results During 14 y of follow-up, we documented 939 incident cases of major CHD events. In multivariate analyses in which age, smoking, and other covariates were controlled for, intakes of short- to medium-chain saturated fatty acids (4:0-10:0) were not significantly associated with the risk of CHD. In contrast, intakes of longer-chain saturated fatty acids (12:0-18:0) were each separately associated with a small increase in risk. The multivariate RR for a 1% energy increase from stearic acid was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.37). The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat was strongly and inversely associated with CHD risk (multivariate RR for a comparison of the highest with the lowest deciles: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.83; P for trend < 0.0001). Conversely, higher ratios of red meat to poultry and fish consumption and of high-fat to low-fat dairy consumption were associated with significantly greater risk.Conclusion A distinction between stearic acid and other saturated fats does not appear to be important in dietary advice to reduce CHD risk, in part because of the high correlation between stearic acid and other saturated fatty acids in typical diets.

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“No studies specifically examined the contribution of dairy food to dietary intake of cholesterol, although three studies reported dietary cholesterol data, one of which describe the relationship between dietary cholesterol and IHD((39)), while the other two studies adjusted for dietary cholesterol in their analyses((3…”
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Potential Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Full-Fat Dairy: The Evidence Base
Hirahatake, K. M., Astrup, A. V., Hill, J. O., Slavin, J. L., Allison, D. B., & Maki, K. C. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz132 · Cited by 70
“(49) found an increased risk of CHD (RR: 1.”
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Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a Dutch Middle-Aged and Elderly Population
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“White meat is a relevant component of this pattern, and its consumption (in contrast to red meat) has been linked with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (Hu et al. 1999, 2000).”
Background
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“…fatty acids was compared with the lowest (Ascherio et al., 1996; Garcia-Palmieri et al., 1980; Goldbourt et al., 1993; Gordon et al., 1981; Hu et al., 1997; Hu et al., 1999; Kromhout and de Lezenne Coulander,1984; Oh et al., 2005; Pietinen et al., 1997; Posner et al., 1991; Shekelle et al., 1981).”
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“The consumption of a low level SFA and an increase in the PUFA to SFA ratio have been associated with a lower risk of CHD in humans (Hu et al. 1999).”
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“For example, while stearic acid does not raise LDL concentrations 37,38 it may be atherogenic via other mechanisms, such as increasing lipoprotein(a) or decreasing high-density lipoprotein 25 .”
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“Reports have shown that an excess in consumption of saturated FAs (SFAs) as well as of some trans- and n-6 FAs has been associated with negative effects on cholesterolemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart diseases (Hayes and Khosla, 1992; Hu et al., 1999; Kratz et al., 2013; Shingfield et al., 2008; St…”
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Consumption of red or processed meat does not predict risk factors for coronary heart disease; results from a cohort of British adults in 1989 and 1999
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“This dietary pattern has been shown to be related to an increased risk of CHD (Kushi et al. 1995; Appel et al. 1997; Hu et al. 1999; Hu et al. 2000; Miura et al. 2004;).”
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Communicating actionable nutrition messages: challenges and opportunities
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BackgroundResult
Coconuts and Health: Different Chain Lengths of Saturated Fats Require Different Consideration
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“[22] Prospective Cohort Associations between intakes of individual SFAs and their food sources in relation to the risk of CHD.”
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Authors: Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Ascherio, A., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Willett, W. C.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Hu, Frank B
ORCID: Hu, Frank B
Stampfer, Meir J
Manson, JoAnn E
Ascherio, Alberto
Colditz, Graham A
Hennekens, Charles H
Willett, Walter C
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-12
Volume: 70
Issue: 6
Pages: 1001-1008
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.6.1001
OpenAlex: W2150396523
Cited by: 661
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 9.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 8478 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL24074, HL34594, R01HL034594)
National Cancer Institute (CA-40356)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords: saturated fatty acids, coronary artery disease, women, stearic acid, long-chain saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio, dietary fat intake, food sources, red meat consumption, milk fat, Nurses' Health Study
MeSH terms: Adult, Coronary Disease, Dairy Products, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Meat, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Women's Health

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Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women

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