CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 8,175Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNutritional Studies and DietPomegranate: compositions and health benefits

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 286 of the 306 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability

Open access
Manach, Claudine, Scalbert, Augustin, Morand, Christine, Rémésy, Christian, Jiménez, Liliana·2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet, and evidence for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases is emerging. The health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and on their bioavailability. In this article, the nature and contents of the various polyphenols present in food sources and the influence of agricultural practices and industrial processes are reviewed. Estimates of dietary intakes are given for each class of polyphenols. The bioavailability of polyphenols is also reviewed, with particular focus on intestinal absorption and the influence of chemical structure (eg, glycosylation, esterification, and polymerization), food matrix, and excretion back into the intestinal lumen. Information on the role of microflora in the catabolism of polyphenols and the production of some active metabolites is presented. Mechanisms of intestinal and hepatic conjugation (methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation), plasma transport, and elimination in bile and urine are also described. Pharmacokinetic data for the various polyphenols are compared. Studies on the identification of circulating metabolites, cellular uptake, intracellular metabolism with possible deconjugation, biological properties of the conjugated metabolites, and specific accumulation in some target tissues are discussed. Finally, bioavailability appears to differ greatly between the various polyphenols, and the most abundant polyphenols in our diet are not necessarily those that have the best bioavailability profile. A thorough knowledge of the bioavailability of the hundreds of dietary polyphenols will help us to identify those that are most likely to exert protective health effects.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727

Cites

286 of 286 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 306 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. Tomas-Barberan, 2000, Dietary hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and their possible role in health protection, J Sci Food Agric, 80, 1024
  2. Clifford, 2000, Anthocyanins—nature, occurrence and dietary burden, J Food Sci Agric, 80, 1063, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1063::AID-JSFA605>3.0.CO;2-Q · DOI
  3. Hollman, 2000, Flavonols, flavones and flavanols—nature, occurrence and dietary burden, J Food Sci Agric, 80, 1081, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1081::AID-JSFA566>3.0.CO;2-G · DOI
  4. Tomas-Barberan, 2000, Flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones—nature, occurence and dietary burden, J Sci Food Agric, 80, 1073, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1073::AID-JSFA568>3.0.CO;2-B · DOI
  5. Cassidy, 2000, Isoflavones, lignans and stilbenes—origins, metabolism and potential importance to human health, J Sci Food Agric, 80, 1044, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1044::AID-JSFA586>3.0.CO;2-N · DOI
  6. Santos-Buelga, 2000, Proanthocyanidins and tannin-like compounds: nature, occurrence, dietary intake and effects on nutrition and health, J Sci Food Agric, 80, 1094, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1094::AID-JSFA569>3.0.CO;2-1 · DOI
  7. Parr, 2000, Phenols in the plant and in man. The potential for possible nutritional enhancement of the diet by modifying the phenol content or profile, J Agric Food Chem, 80, 985, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<985::AID-JSFA572>3.0.CO;2-7 · DOI
  8. Clifford, 2000, Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates—nature, occurence, dietary burden, absorption and metabolism, J Sci Food Agric, 80, 1033, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1033::AID-JSFA595>3.0.CO;2-T · DOI
  9. Plumb, 1999, Metabolism of chlorogenic acid by human plasma, liver, intestine and gut microflora, J Sci Food Agric, 79, 390, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(19990301)79:3<390::AID-JSFA258>3.0.CO;2-0 · DOI
  10. Ueno, 2001, Identification of the specific intestinal bacteria capable of metabolising soy isoflavone to equol, Ann Nutr Metab, 45, 114
  11. Jacobson, 1983, A preliminary investigation of the metabolism of dietary phenolics in humans, Nutr Rep Int, 28, 1409

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 8,175

Related

Metadata

Authors
Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C., & Jiménez, L.
Affiliations
  • Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
  • Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (FR)
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-05
Volume
79
Issue
5
Pages
727-747
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727
OpenAlex
W1914622032
Cited by
8,175
References
306
Citations by year
2026: 348 · 2025: 398 · 2024: 426 · 2023: 445 · 2022: 529 · 2021: 558 · 2020: 526 · 2019: 482 · 2018: 463 · 2017: 476 · 2016: 452 · 2015: 451 · 2014: 426 · 2013: 417 · 2012: 406
FWCI
13.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2004-02-01)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
Keywords
polyphenols, bioavailability, dietary intake, food sources, intestinal absorption, gut microbiota, conjugation, glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, plasma transport, pharmacokinetics, polyphenol metabolites, degenerative disease prevention, cancer, cardiovascular disease
MeSH terms
Biological Availability, Flavonoids, Food Analysis, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Phenols, Tissue Distribution, Polyphenols

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review