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Cited by 183Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Dieting and the development of eating disorders in obese women: results of a randomized controlled trial.

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Wadden, Thomas A, Foster, Gary D, Sarwer, David B, Anderson, Drew A, Gladis, Madeline, Sanderson, Rebecca S, Letchak, RV, Berkowitz, Robert I +1 more·2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.560
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Abstract

Background Some investigators fear that dieting may precipitate binge eating and other adverse behavioral consequences.Objective The objective of the study was to examine whether dieting would elicit binge eating and mood disturbance in individuals free of these complications before treatment.Design A total of 123 obese women were randomly assigned to 1) a 1000 kcal/d diet that included 4 servings/d of a liquid meal replacement (MR); 2) a 1200-1500 kcal/d balanced deficit diet (BDD) of conventional foods; or 3) a nondieting (ND) approach that discouraged energy restriction. All women attended weekly group sessions for 20 wk and biweekly sessions from week 20 to week 40.Results At week 20, participants in the MR, BDD, and ND groups lost 12.1 +/- 6.7%, 7.8 +/- 6.0%, and 0.1 +/- 2.4% of initial weight, respectively (P < 0.001). During the first 20 wk, there were no significant differences among groups in the number of persons who had objective binge episodes or in reports of hunger or dietary disinhibition. Symptoms of depression decreased significantly more (P < 0.001) in the MR and BDD groups than in ND participants. At week 28, significantly more (P < 0.003) cases of binge eating were observed in MR participants than in the 2 other groups. No differences, however, were observed between groups at weeks 40 or 65 (a follow-up visit). At no time did any participant meet criteria for binge-eating disorder.Conclusion Concerns about possible adverse behavioral consequences of dieting should not dissuade primary care providers from recommending modest energy restriction to obese individuals.

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  • Weight loss can be increased by an additional 3 to 5 percentage points by including a low-calorie (1000-1200 kcal/d) portion-controlled diet composed of liquid shakes, meal bars, and prepared meals.

    “Weight loss can be increased by an additional 3 to 5 percentage points by including a low-calorie (1000-1200 kcal/d) portion-controlled diet composed of liquid shakes, meal bars, and prepared meals.2,3”

    From Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [3]

    The weight-results passage (page unavailable) reports 12.1% weight loss in the meal-replacement group versus 7.8% with a conventional-food diet at week 20—an additional 4.3 percentage points in obese women. The Meal replacement section (page unavailable) describes a 1000 kcal/day plan of liquid servings and an evening meal, not a 1000–1200 kcal/day plan including meal bars; the difference in weight loss was no longer significant at week 40. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. [5]5. US Department of Agriculture. Nutrition and your health: dietary guide- lines for Americans. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Department of Agriculture Home and Garden Bulletin, 1995.
  2. [9]9. Polivy J, Herman CP. Dieting and bingeing: a casual analysis. Am Psychol 1985;40:193-201.
  3. [14]14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision). Criteria for bulimia nervosa. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000: 589 -94.
  4. [17]17. Klem ML, Wing RR, Simkin-Silverman L, Kuller LH. The psycholog- ical consequences of weight gain prevention in healthy, premenopausal women. Int J Eat Disord 1997;21:167-74.
  5. [26]26. Spitzer RL, Devlin M, Walsh TB, et al. Binge eating disorder: a multisite field trial of the diagnostic criteria. Int J Eat Disord 1992;11:191-203.
  6. [32]32. Polivy J, Herman CP. Undieting: a program to help people stop dieting. Int J Eat Disord 1992;11:261-8.
  7. [40]40. CooperPJ,TaylorMJ,CooperZ,FairburnCG.Thedevelopmentandvalidation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord 1987;6:485-94.
  8. [42]42. Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Sarwer DB, Prus-Wisniewski R, Steinberg C. Benefits of lifestyle modification in the pharmacologic treatment of obesity. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:218 -27.
  9. [45]45. Marcus MD, Wing RR, Ewing L Kern E, Gooding W, McDermott M. Psychiatric disorders among obese binge eaters. Int J Obes 1990;9:69 -77.
  10. [48]48. Lowe MR. Staying on versus going off a diet: Effects on eating in normal weight and overweight individuals. Int J Eat Disord 1992;12:417-24.

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Authors
Wadden, T. A., Foster, G. D., Sarwer, D. B., Anderson, D. A., Gladis, M., Sanderson, R. S., Letchak, R., Berkowitz, R. I., & Phelan, S.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Wadden, Thomas A
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-11
Volume
80
Issue
3
Pages
560-568
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/80.3.560
OpenAlex
W1944915251
Cited by
183
References
55
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI
10.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01dk050058-03, 5k24dk065018-10)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 50058-04, K24-DK-065018)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
dieting, binge eating, eating disorders, obesity, women, caloric restriction, weight loss, depression, mood disturbance, hunger
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Body Image, Bulimia, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Food, Formulated, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Self Concept, Time Factors, Weight Loss

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