Development and predictive effects of eating disorder risk factors during adolescence: Implications for prevention efforts
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Although several prospective studies have identified factors that increase risk for eating disorders, little is known about when these risk factors emerge and escalate, or when they begin to predict future eating disorder onset. The objective of this report was to address these key research gaps. METHOD: Data were examined from a prospective study of 496 community female adolescents (M = 13.5, SD = 0.7 at baseline) who completed eight annual assessments of potential risk factors and eating disorders from preadolescence to young adulthood. RESULTS: Three variables exhibited positive linear increases: Perceived pressure to be thin, thin-ideal internalization, and body dissatisfaction; three were best characterized as quadratic effects: dieting (essentially little change); negative affectivity (overall decrease), and BMI (overall increase). Elevated body dissatisfaction at ages 13, 14, 15, and 16 predicted DSM-5 eating disorders onset in the 4-year period after each assessment, but the predictive effects of other risk factors were largely confined to age 14; BMI did not predict eating disorders at any age. DISCUSSION: The results imply that these risk factors are present by early adolescence, although eating disorders tend to emerge in late adolescence and early adulthood. These findings emphasize the need for efficacious eating disorder prevention programs for early adolescent girls, perhaps targeting 14-year olds, when risk factors seem to be most predictive. In early adolescence, it might be fruitful to target girls with body dissatisfaction, as this was the most consistent predictor of early eating disorder onset in this study.
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Adolescence is a developmental period of heightened risk for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.
“It is clear that the unique combination of biological changes and sociocultural pressures experienced during this time establishes adolescence as a developmental period of heightened risk for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating (Eisenberg et al., 2006; Rohde et al., 2015).”
From Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth (2021) · cites this paper as Rohde et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Rohde, P., Stice, E., & Marti, C. N.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rohde, Paul
- Venue
- International Journal of Eating Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-03-06
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 187-198
- ISSN
- 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-108X
- PMC
- PMC4156929
- OpenAlex
- W1878272172
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 31.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH/DK61957)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Keywords
- eating disorders, risk factors, adolescence, body dissatisfaction, thin-ideal internalization, dieting, negative affectivity, body mass index, eating disorder onset, eating disorder prevention, adolescent girls, developmental trajectories
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Body Image, Child, Culture, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Thinness, Caloric Restriction
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