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Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction
Open accessAbstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is one of the mechanisms linking diet and the risk of cardiovascular disease.Objective We evaluated the hypothesis that dietary patterns (summary measures of food consumption) are directly associated with markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6, E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1).Design We conducted a cross-sectional study of 732 women from the Nurses' Health Study I cohort who were 43-69 y of age and free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus at the time of blood drawing in 1990. Dietary intake was documented by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire in 1986 and 1990. Dietary patterns were generated by using factor analysis.Results A prudent pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains, and a Western pattern was characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meats, sweets, desserts, French fries, and refined grains. The prudent pattern was inversely associated with plasma concentrations of CRP (P = 0.02) and E-selectin (P = 0.001) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. The Western pattern showed a positive relation with CRP (P < 0.001), interleukin 6 (P = 0.006), E-selectin (P < 0.001), sICAM-1 (P < 0.001), and sVCAM-1 (P = 0.008) after adjustment for all confounders except BMI; with further adjustment for BMI, the coefficients remained significant for CRP (P = 0.02), E-selectin (P < 0.001), sICAM-1 (P = 0.002), and sVCAM-1 (P = 0.02).Conclusion Because endothelial dysfunction is an early step in the development of atherosclerosis, this study suggests a mechanism for the role of dietary patterns in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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“Higher intakes of a “Westernized” diet (red and processed meats, sweets, desserts, French fries, and refined grains) have been associated with higher CRP, IL-6, E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1”
From Close relationships, inflammation, and health (2010) · cites this paper as Lopez-Garcia et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“Minor dairy proteins and peptides, especially lactoferrin, also show anti-inflammatory effects in different models (687 -689) , and hence there is potential for a variety of milk peptides to have anti-inflammatory effects, but there are no or insufficient human studies to allow evaluation of their efficacy.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [688]
In the citing paper
“The high consumption of refined starches and sugars is a risk factor for inflammation and cardiovascular disease (31), and these conditions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression (32).”
From High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lopez-Garcia, E., Schulze, M. B., Fung, T. T., Meigs, J. B., Rifai, N., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1029-1035
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155613500
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 30.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health (DK58845, DK55523, CA 87969)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-87969, P01CA087969)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 55523, R01DK058845, R01DK055523, DK58845)
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- dietary habits, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, prudent diet, Western diet, cardiovascular risk, atherosclerosis, women, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endothelium, Vascular, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Middle Aged, Nurses, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, E-Selectin
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