Cited by 642Fatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and DietAquaculture Nutrition and Growth

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

n-3 Fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits.

Open access

Gebauer, Sarah K, Psota, Tricia L, Harris, William S, Kris-Etherton, Penny M·2006·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1526s

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Dietary recommendations have been made for n-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to achieve nutrient adequacy and to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. These recommendations are based on a large body of evidence from epidemiologic and controlled clinical studies. The n-3 fatty acid recommendation to achieve nutritional adequacy, defined as the amount necessary to prevent deficiency symptoms, is 0.6-1.2% of energy for ALA; up to 10% of this can be provided by EPA or DHA. To achieve recommended ALA intakes, food sources including flaxseed and flaxseed oil, walnuts and walnut oil, and canola oil are recommended. The evidence base supports a dietary recommendation of approximately 500 mg/d of EPA and DHA for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. For treatment of existing cardiovascular disease, 1 g/d is recommended. These recommendations have been embraced by many health agencies worldwide. A dietary strategy for achieving the 500-mg/d recommendation is to consume 2 fish meals per week (preferably fatty fish). Foods enriched with EPA and DHA or fish oil supplements are a suitable alternate to achieve recommended intakes and may be necessary to achieve intakes of 1 g/d.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1526s

Cites

81 of 81 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids
Trumbo, P., Schlicker, S., Yates, A. A., & Poos, M. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90346-9 · Cited by 5,993
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases
Joint, W. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,890
Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial
(1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)07072-5 · Cited by 3,812
Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., & Appel, L. J. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038493.65177.94 · Cited by 3,707
Self-citation
Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors, and the Rate of Cardiovascular Complications After Myocardial Infarction: Final Report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study
de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Martin, J.-L., Monjaud, I., Delaye, J., & Mamelle, N. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.6.779 · Cited by 2,910
EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FAT, FISH, AND FIBRE INTAKES ON DEATH AND MYOCARDIAL REINFARCTION: DIET AND REINFARCTION TRIAL (DART)
Burr, M. L., Gilbert, J. F., Holliday, R. M., Elwood, P. C., Fehily, A. M., Rogers, S., Sweetnam, P. M., & Deadman, N. M. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90828-3 · Cited by 2,610
Diet, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases
Zimmermann, M. B. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.4.644a · Cited by 2,131
Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation
de Werf, F. V. (2003) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0195-668x(02)00618-8 · Cited by 1,442
Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Hu, F. B. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.14.1815 · Cited by 1,018
Fish Consumption and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
Albert, C. M. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.1.23 · Cited by 990

Show all 83 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

1999, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nellInfarto miocardico, Lancet, 354, 447
2004, Recommendations for intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy adults.
2004, What you need to know about mercury in fish and shellfish.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 638

Omega-3: A link between global climate change and human health
Kang, J. X. (2011) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.02.003 · Cited by 66
Treatment with flaxseed oil induces apoptosis in cultured malignant cells
Buckner, A. L., Buckner, C. A., Montaut, S., & Lafrenie, R. M. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02251 · Cited by 66
The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiac rhythm: A critical reassessment
Billman, G. E. (2013) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.011 · Cited by 69
Lipids From Microalgae
Mimouni, V., Couzinet‐Mossion, A., Ulmann, L., & Wielgosz‐Collin, G. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811405-6.00005-0 · Cited by 66
Fish intake, n-3 fatty acid body status, and risk of cognitive decline: a systematic review and a dose–response meta-analysis of observational and experimental studies
Kosti, R. I., Kasdagli, M., Kyrozis, A., Orsini, N., Λάγιου, Π., Taiganidou, F., & Naska, A. (2021) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab078 · Cited by 63
Hot topic: Enhancing omega-3 fatty acids in milk fat of dairy cows by using stearidonic acid-enriched soybean oil from genetically modified soybeans
Bernal-Santos, G., O’Donnell, A. M., Vicini, J. L., Hartnell, G. F., & Bauman, D. E. (2010) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2711 · Cited by 63
Studies on the protective effect of flaxseed oil on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity
Naqshbandi, A., Khan, W., Rizwan, S., & Khan, F. (2012) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1177/0960327111432502 · Cited by 63
Vegetarian and Vegan Weaning of the Infant: How Common and How Evidence-Based? A Population-Based Survey and Narrative Review
Baldassarre, M. E., Panza, R., Farella, I., Posa, D., Capozza, M., Mauro, A. D., & Laforgia, N. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17134835 · Cited by 63
Development of Functional Spaghetti Enriched with Long Chain Omega‐3 Fatty Acids
Iafelice, G., Caboni, M. F., Cubadda, R., Criscio, T. D., Trivisonno, M. C., & Marconi, E. (2008) · Cereal Chemistry · doi:10.1094/cchem-85-2-0146 · Cited by 62
The effect of dietary flaxseed on improving symptoms of cardiovascular disease in patients with peripheral artery disease
Leyva, D. R., Zahradka, P. C., Ramjiawan, B., Guzman, R., Aliani, M., & Pierce, G. N. (2011) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.05.005 · Cited by 64
A Mutant Brassica napus (Canola) Population for the Identification of New Genetic Diversity via TILLING and Next Generation Sequencing
Gilchrist, E. J., Sidebottom, C. H. D., Koh, C., MacInnes, T., Sharpe, A., & Haughn, G. W. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084303 · Cited by 62
Effects of microencapsulation by ionic gelation on the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil
Menin, A., Zanoni, F., Vakarelova, M., Chignola, R., Donà, G., Rizzi, C., Mainente, F., & Zoccatelli, G. (2018) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.144 · Cited by 62
Analysis of Distribution of Selected Bioactive Compounds in Camelina sativa from Seeds to Pomace and Oil
Kurasiak-Popowska, D., Ryńska, B., & Stuper-Szablewska, K. (2019) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy9040168 · Cited by 55
Medicinal Herbs Used in Traditional Management of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Action
McGrowder, D. A., Miller, F. G., Nwokocha, C. R., Anderson, M., Wilson-Clarke, C. F., Vaz, K., Anderson-Jackson, L., & Brown, J. (2020) · Medicines · doi:10.3390/medicines7080047 · Cited by 62
Alpha-Linolenic Acid: Is It Essential to Cardiovascular Health?
Geleijnse, J. M., de Goede, J., & Brouwer, I. A. (2010) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0137-0 · Cited by 60
Sources of the very-long-chain unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
Racine, R., & Deckelbaum, R. J. (2007) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3280129652 · Cited by 63
Survey of the fatty acid composition of retail milk differing in label claims based on production management practices
O’Donnell, A. M., Spatny, K. P., Vicini, J. L., & Bauman, D. E. (2010) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2799 · Cited by 60
Relationships between the contents of vaccenic acid, CLA and n−3 fatty acids of goat milk and the muscle of their suckling kids
Nudda, A., Palmquist, D. L., Battacone, G., Fancellu, S., Rassu, S. P. G., & Pulina, G. (2008) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.01.020 · Cited by 60
Alpha-linolenic acid: A promising nutraceutical for the prevention of stroke
Nguemeni, C., Gouix, E., Bourourou, M., Heurteaux, C., & Blondeau, N. (2013) · PharmaNutrition · doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2012.12.002 · Cited by 62
Chemical composition, lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid profile in meat of broilers fed with glycerol monolaurate additive
Valentini, J., Silva, A. S. D., Fortuoso, B. F., dos Reis, J. H., Gebert, R. R., Griss, L. G., Boiago, M. M., Lopes, L. Q. S., Santos, R. C. V., Wagner, R. C., et al. (2020) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127187 · Cited by 59
Molecular Mechanisms Linking Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Gut–Brain Axis
Zinkow, A., Grodzicki, W., Czerwińska, M., & Dziendzikowska, K. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30010071 · Cited by 66
Effects of supplementing n-3 fatty acid enriched eggs and walnuts on cardiovascular disease risk markers in healthy free-living lacto-ovo-vegetarians: a randomized, crossover, free-living intervention study
Burns‐Whitmore, B., Haddad, E. H., Sabaté, J., & Rajaram, S. (2014) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-29 · Cited by 60
Innovative and fortified food: Probiotics, prebiotics, GMOs, and superfood
Varzakas, T. H., Kandylis, P., Dimitrellou, D., Salamoura, C., Zakynthinos, G., & Proestos, C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101892-7.00006-7 · Cited by 58
Growth and fatty acid distribution over lipid classes in Nannochloropsis oceanica acclimated to different temperatures
Ferrer-Ledo, N., Stegemüller, L., Janssen, M., Wijffels, R. H., & Barbosa, M. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1078998 · Cited by 60
n-3 Fatty Acids: Food or Supplements?
Kris‐Etherton, P. M., & Hill, A. M. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.04.025 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Flaxseed for Hypertension: Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation
Caligiuri, S. P. B., Edel, A. L., Aliani, M., & Pierce, G. N. (2014) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0499-8 · Cited by 56
n–3 PUFAs Reduce T-Helper 17 Cell Differentiation by Decreasing Responsiveness to Interleukin-6 in Isolated Mouse Splenic CD4+ T Cells
Allen, M. J., Fan, Y., Monk, J. M., Hou, T. Y., Barhoumi, R., McMurray, D. N., & Chapkin, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.194407 · Cited by 59
Generation and Dietary Modulation of Anti-Inflammatory Electrophilic Omega-3 Fatty Acid Derivatives
Cipollina, C., Salvatore, S. R., Muldoon, M. F., Freeman, B. Α., & Schopfer, F. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094836 · Cited by 58
Linseed suppresses enteric methane emissions from cattle fed barley silage, but not from those fed grass hay
Chung, Y.-H., He, M. L., McGinn, S. M., McAllister, T. A., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2011) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.022 · Cited by 55
Metabolic indices of polyunsaturated fatty acids: current evidence, research controversies, and clinical utility
Davinelli, S., Intrieri, M., Corbi, G., & Scapagnini, G. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1724871 · Cited by 57
Endocannabinoids and Nutrition
Hansen, H. S., & Artmann, A. (2008) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01687.x · Cited by 55
Effects of Canola Oil Consumption on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Ghobadi, S., Hassanzadeh-Rostami, Z., Mohammadian, F., Zare, M., & Faghih, S. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2018.1475270 · Cited by 54
Food Pyramid of the Swiss Society for Nutrition
Walter, P., Infanger, E., & Mühlemann, P. (2007) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000103562 · Cited by 53
Dietary flaxseed and turmeric is a novel strategy to enrich chicken meat with long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with better oxidative stability and functional properties
Kumar, F., Tyagi, P. K., Mir, N. A., Dev, K., Begum, J., Biswas, A., Sheikh, S. A., Tyagi, P. K., Sharma, D., Sahu, B., et al. (2019) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125458 · Cited by 53
Dietary n‐3 Fatty Acids Significantly Suppress Lipogenesis in Bovine Muscle and Adipose Tissue: A Functional Genomics Approach
Hiller, B., Herdmann, A., & Nuernberg, K. (2011) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-011-3571-z · Cited by 53
Gendered Biopolitics of Public Health: Regulation and Discipline in Seafood Consumption Advisories
Mansfield, B. (2012) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1068/d11110 · Cited by 52
Safety assessment of SDA soybean oil: Results of a 28-day gavage study and a 90-day/one generation reproduction feeding study in rats
Hammond, B. G., Lemen, J. K., Ahmed, G., Miller, K. D., Kirkpatrick, J. B., & Fleeman, T. L. (2008) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.08.015 · Cited by 49
Characterization of Walnut Oils (Juglans regia L.) from Asturias, Spain
Bada, J. C., León‐Camacho, M., Prieto, M. A., Copovi, P., & Alonso, L. (2010) · Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society · doi:10.1007/s11746-010-1629-3 · Cited by 49
Nutritional evaluation and bioactive microconstituents (carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols and squalene) of raw and roasted chicken fed on DHA-rich microalgae
Kalogeropoulos, N., Chiou, A., Gavala, E., Christea, M., & Andrikopoulos, N. K. (2010) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.05.018 · Cited by 49
Extraction and Enrichment of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Ethyl Esters through Reversible π–π Complexation with Aromatic Rings Containing Ionic Liquids
Cheong, L., Guo, Z., Yang, Z., Chua, S.-C., & Xu, X. (2011) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf202043w · Cited by 49
Clubroot and the importance of canola in Canada
Rempel, C., Hutton, S. N., & Jurke, C. J. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology · doi:10.1080/07060661.2013.864336 · Cited by 48
Omega‐3 PUFA supplementation and the response to evoked endotoxemia in healthy volunteers
Ferguson, J. F., Mulvey, C. K., Patel, P., Shah, R. Y., Doveikis, J., Zhang, W., Tabita‐Martinez, J., Terembula, K., Eiden, M. J., Koulman, A., et al. (2013) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300368 · Cited by 48
Huitlacoche (corn smut), caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis, as a functional food
Juárez‐Montiel, M., de León, S. R., Chávez-Camarillo, G. M., Hernández-Rodríguez, C., & Villa‐Tanaca, L. (2011) · Revista Iberoamericana de Micología · doi:10.1016/j.riam.2011.01.001 · Cited by 48
Supplementation of Mixed Organic Acids Improves Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Gut Morphology and Volatile Fatty Acids of Broiler Chicken
Ma, J., Wang, J., Mahfuz, S. U., Long, S., Wu, D., Gao, J., & Piao, X. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11113020 · Cited by 47
Mechanistic Examination of Walnuts in Prevention of Breast Cancer
Heuvel, J. P. V., Belda, B. J., Hannon, D. B., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Grieger, J. A., Zhang, J., & Thompson, J. T. (2012) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2012.717679 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Yield, oil content, and fatty acid profile of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) as affected by phosphorus rate and seeding rate
Xie, Y., Yan, Z., Niu, Z., Coulter, J. A., Niu, J., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Yan, B., Zhao, W. G., & Wang, L. (2020) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112087 · Cited by 47
Enrichment of alpha-linolenic acid in rodent diet reduced oxidative stress and inflammation during myocardial infarction
Leung, K. S., Galano, J., Oger, C., Durand, T., & Lee, J. C. (2020) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.025 · Cited by 46
Early life stress interacts with the diet deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids during the life course increasing the metabolic vulnerability in adult rats
Bernardi, J. R., Ferreira, C. F., Senter, G., Krolow, R., de Aguiar, B. W., Portella, A. K., Kauer-Sant'Anna, M., Kapczinski, F., Dalmaz, C., Goldani, M. Z., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062031 · Cited by 43
Dietary supplementation of flaxseed oil ameliorates the effect of cisplatin on rat kidney
Naqshbandi, A., Rizwan, S., & Khan, F. (2012) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.002 · Cited by 45
Regulation of inflammatory and lipid metabolism genes by eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil
Gillies, P. J., Bhatia, S. K., Belcher, L. A., Hannon, D. B., Thompson, J. T., & Heuvel, J. P. V. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m022657 · Cited by 45
Differential impact of milk fatty acid profiles on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy men and women
Malpuech‐Brugère, C., Mouriot, J., Vaysse, C., Combe, N., Peyraud, J.-L., Leruyet, P., Chesneau, G., Morio, B., & Chardigny, J. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.73 · Cited by 46
The use of Nannochloropsis sp. as a source of omega‐3 fatty acids in dry pasta: chemical, technological and sensory evaluation
Marco, E. R. D., Steffolani, M. E., Martínez, M. L., & León, A. E. (2017) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.13609 · Cited by 45
The effect of probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats
Bertková, I., Hijová, E., Chmelařová, A., Mojžišová, G., Petrášová, D., Strojný, L., Bomba, A., & Zitnan, R. (2010) · Neoplasma · doi:10.4149/neo_2010_05_422 · Cited by 44
The effect of dietary walnuts compared to fatty fish on eicosanoids, cytokines, soluble endothelial adhesion molecules and lymphocyte subsets: a randomized, controlled crossover trial
Chiang, Y., Haddad, E. H., Rajaram, S., Shavlik, D. J., & Sabaté, J. (2012) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2012.07.007 · Cited by 44
Concurrent elevation of CO 2 , O 3 and temperature severely affects oil quality and quantity in rapeseed
Namazkar, S., Stockmarr, A., Frenck, G., Egsgaard, H., Terkelsen, T., Mikkelsen, T. N., Ingvordsen, C. H., & Jørgensen, R. B. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erw180 · Cited by 44
Effect of feeding with insect meal diet on the fatty acid compositions of sea bream (Sparus aurata), tench (Tinca tinca) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets
Fabrikov, D., Barroso, F. G., Sánchez‐Muros, M. J., Hidalgo, M. C., Cardenete, G., Tomás, C., Melenchón, F., & Guil‐Guerrero, J. L. (2021) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737170 · Cited by 44
Enrichment of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil with carotenoids of sea buckthorn pomace via ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
Bhimjiyani, V. H., Borugadda, V. B., Naik, S. N., & Dalai, A. K. (2021) · Current Research in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2021.07.006 · Cited by 44
Healthy cookies from cooked fish bones
Abdel‐Moemin, A. R. (2015) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2015.09.003 · Cited by 44
Dietary Alpha-Linolenic Acid Inhibits Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity and mRNA Expression Levels in the Aorta of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Ogawa, A., Suzuki, Y., AOYAMA, T., & Takeuchi, H. (2009) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.58.355 · Cited by 44
Dietary ω-3 fatty acids and their influence on inflammation via Toll-like receptor pathways
Jalili, M., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111070 · Cited by 44
Meta‐analysis of prospective studies on the effects of nut consumption on hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus 对食用坚果对高血压和2型糖尿病的影响的前瞻性研究进行的meta分析
Guo, K., Zhou, Z., Jiang, Y., Li, W., & Li, Y. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12173 · Cited by 43
Regular consumption ofn-3 fatty acid-enriched pork modifies cardiovascular risk factors
Coates, A. M., Sioutis, S., Buckley, J. D., & Howe, P. R. C. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508025063 · Cited by 43
Fish Consumption During Pregnancy: An Overview of the Risks and Benefits
Dovydaitis, T. (2008) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.02.014 · Cited by 43
Long term consumption of flaxseed enriched diet decreased ovarian cancer incidence and prostaglandin E2 in hens
Eilati, E., Bahr, J. M., & Hales, D. B. (2013) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.05.018 · Cited by 43
Fish consumption is a safe solution to increase the intake of long-chainn-3 fatty acids
Sioen, I., Henauw, S. D., Verbeke, W., Verdonck, F. A. M., Willems, J., & Camp, J. V. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007001450 · Cited by 43
The Role of Nutraceuticals in Male Fertility
Ko, E., & Sabanegh, E. S. (2013) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2013.08.003 · Cited by 43
Omega-3 fatty acids status in human subjects estimated using a food frequency questionnaire and plasma phospholipids levels
Garneau, V., Rudkowska, I., Paradis, A.-M., Godin, G., Julien, P., Përusse, L., & Vohl, M. (2012) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-46 · Cited by 42
Effect of alpha-linolenic acid in combination with the flavonol quercetin on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy, non-obese adults: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover trial
Burak, C., Wolffram, S., Zur, B., Langguth, P., Fimmers, R., Alteheld, B., Stehle, P., & Egert, S. (2018) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.012 · Cited by 42
Suboptimal Temperature Acclimation Affects Kennedy Pathway Gene Expression, Lipidome and Metabolite Profile of Nannochloropsis salina during PUFA Enriched TAG Synthesis
Gill, S. S., Willette, S., Dungan, B. N., Jarvis, J. M., Schaub, T. M., VanLeeuwen, D., Hilaire, R. S., & Holguin, F. O. (2018) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md16110425 · Cited by 45
Detection, isolation and characterisation of cyclolinopeptides J and K in ageing flax
Jadhav, P. D., Okinyo-Owiti, D. P., Ahiahonu, P. W. K., & Reaney, M. J. T. (2012) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.126 · Cited by 41
Margarines Fortified with α-Linolenic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, or Docosahexaenoic Acid Alter the Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocytes but Do Not Affect the Antioxidant Status of Healthy Adults
Egert, S., Lindenmeier, M., Harnack, K., Krome, K., Erbersdobler, H. F., Wahrburg, U., & Somoza, V. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.112.161802 · Cited by 41
A rapid and sensitive profiling of free fatty acids using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) after chemical derivatization
Mok, H. J., Lee, J. W., Bandu, R., Kang, H. S., Kim, K., & Kim, K. P. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra01344a · Cited by 40
Effects of flaxseed on blood pressure, body mass index, and total cholesterol in hypertensive patients: A randomized clinical trial
Toulabi, T., Yarahmadi, M., Goudarzi, F., Ebrahimzadeh, F., Momenizadeh, A., & Yarahmadi, S. (2021) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2021.05.003 · Cited by 44
Dietary flaxseed: what we know and don’t know about its effects on cardiovascular disease
Parikh, M., & Pierce, G. N. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2018-0547 · Cited by 42
Direct Diet Quantification Indicates Low Intakes of (n-3) Fatty Acids in Children 4 to 8 Years Old
Madden, S. M. M., Garrioch, C. F., & Holub, B. J. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.108.100628 · Cited by 40
Effects of fish oil on serum lipid profile in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Zhu, W. J., Dong, C., Du, H., Zhang, H., Chen, J., Hu, X., & Hu, F. (2014) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-13-127 · Cited by 41
Review of Cardiometabolic Effects of Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Burke, M. F., Burke, F. M., & Soffer, D. E. (2017) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-017-0700-z · Cited by 40
Marine Animal Co-Products—How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability
Monteiro, J. P., Domingues, M. R., & Calado, R. (2024) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md22020073 · Cited by 41
Consumption of Red Meat, but Not Cooking Oils High in Polyunsaturated Fat, Is Associated with Higher Arachidonic Acid Status in Singapore Chinese Adults
Seah, J. Y. H., Gay, G. M. W., Su, J., Tai, E. S., Yuan, J., Koh, W., Ong, C. N., & van Dam, R. M. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9020101 · Cited by 38
Effects of a DHA ‐rich unextracted microalgae as a dietary supplement on performance, carcass traits and meat fatty acid profile in growing‐finishing pigs
Moran, C. A., Morlacchini, M., Keegan, J. D., Delles, R. M., & Fusconi, G. (2018) · Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1111/jpn.12911 · Cited by 39
Lipids: biomarkers of healthy aging
Almeida, I., Magalhães, S., & Nunes, A. (2021) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-021-09921-2 · Cited by 44
The global availability of n-3 fatty acids
Petrova, S., Dimitrov, P., Willett, W. C., & Campos, H. (2011) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980010003678 · Cited by 38
Allergy Modulation by N-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fat Soluble Nutrients of the Mediterranean Diet
Hogenkamp, A., Ehlers, A. M., Garssen, J., & Willemsen, L. E. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01244 · Cited by 38
DHA content in milk and biohydrogenation pathway in rumen: a review
Huang, G., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Zheng, N., Zhao, S., Liu, K., Qu, X., Yu, J., & Wang, J. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.10230 · Cited by 38
Echium oil is better than rapeseed oil in enriching poultry meat withn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid
Kitessa, S. M., & Young, P. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508030742 · Cited by 38
The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review
Itsiopoulos, C., Marx, W., Mayr, H. L., Tatucu-Babet, O. A., Dash, S. R., George, E. S., Trakman, G. L., Kelly, J. T., Thomas, C. J., & Brazionis, L. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.jnim.2018.02.002 · Cited by 37
Physicochemical and Nutritional Characterization of Winemaking Lees: A New Food Ingredient
Sancho‐Galán, P., Arrocha, A. A., Jiménez‐Cantizano, A., & Palacios, V. M. (2020) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy10070996 · Cited by 37
Effects of intensive or pasture finishing in spring and linseed supplementation in autumn on the omega-3 content of lamb meat and its carcass distribution
Kitessa, S. M., Liu, S., Briegel, J. R., Pethick, D. W., Gardner, G. E., Ferguson, M. B., Allingham, P. G., Nattrass, G. S., McDonagh, M. B., Ponnampalam, E. N., et al. (2010) · Animal Production Science · doi:10.1071/an09095 · Cited by 37
The Effect of Walnut Consumption on n-3 Fatty Acid Profile of Healthy People Living in a Non-Mediterranean West Balkan Country, a Small Scale Randomized Study
Petrović-Oggiano, G., Debeljak-Martačić, J., Ranković, S., Pokimica, B., Mirić, A., Glibetić, M., & Popović, T. B. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010192 · Cited by 36
A diet supplemented with ALA-rich flaxseed prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating caveolin-3 expression
Carotenuto, F., Minieri, M., Monego, G., Fiaccavento, R., Bertoni, A., Sinigaglia, F., Vecchini, A., Carosella, L., & Nardo, P. D. (2013) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvt211 · Cited by 36
n-3 Fatty acid intake from marine food products among Quebecers: comparison to worldwide recommendations
Lucas, M., Asselin, G., Plourde, M., Cunnane, S. C., Dewailly, É., & Dodin, S. (2009) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980009005679 · Cited by 36
Rheological and physicochemical properties of novel low-fat emulgels containing flaxseed oil as a rich source of ω-3 fatty acids
Nasirpour‐Tabrizi, P., Azadmard‐Damirchi, S., Hesari, J., Heshmati, M. K., & Savage, G. P. (2020) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110107 · Cited by 35
Rapid quantitation of fish oil fatty acids and their ethyl esters by FT‐NIR models
Azizian, H., Kramer, J. K. G., Ehler, S., & Curtis, J. M. (2010) · European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/ejlt.200900186 · Cited by 35
Muscle fat composition of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and black coots (Fulica atra)
Nuernberg, K., Slámečka, J., Mojto, J., Gašparík, J., & Nuernberg, G. (2011) · European Journal of Wildlife Research · doi:10.1007/s10344-010-0489-3 · Cited by 35
Environmental evaluation of eicosapentaenoic acid production by Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Pérez‐López, P., González‐García, S., Allewaert, C. C., Verween, A., Murray, P., Feijóo, G., & Moreira, M. T. (2013) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.105 · Cited by 35
Socio-economic differences in food group and nutrient intakes among young women in Ireland
McCartney, D. M. A., Younger, K. M., Walsh, J., O'Neill, M., Sheridan, C., & Kearney, J. M. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513001463 · Cited by 35
Recommended Intake of Fish and Fish Oils Worldwide
Richter, C. K., Skulas‐Ray, A. C., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802844-5.00003-8 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
n−3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: navigating toward recommendations1,2
Deckelbaum, R. J., & Akabas, S. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.1.1 · Cited by 35
Different effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the cell cycle in c2c12 myoblast proliferation
Peng, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Chang, F., Lu, T., Zhang, R., Li, Q., Hu, X., & Li, N. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-012-1329-4 · Cited by 34
Effect of fish oil supplement in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials
He, L., Li, M., Lin, M., Zhao, T.-Y., & Gao, P. H. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1976-y · Cited by 34

Authors: Gebauer, S. K., Psota, T. L., Harris, W. S., & Kris-Etherton, P. M.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Psota, Tricia L
Harris, William S
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-06
Volume: 83
Issue: 6
Pages: 1526S-1535S
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1526s
OpenAlex: W1858298699
Cited by: 642
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 4.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 6121 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Keywords: omega-3 fatty acids, dietary recommendations, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, cardiovascular disease prevention, cardiovascular disease treatment, fish oil supplements, fatty fish consumption, flaxseed, Juglans regia, canola oil, omega-3 deficiency, nutritional adequacy
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Fish Oils, Food Analysis, Food, Fortified, Humans, Nutritional Requirements, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Epidemiologic Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Seafood, Nutrition Policy, Evidence-Based Medicine, Dietary Supplements

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

n-3 Fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks