Fish and n−3 fatty acids for the prevention of fatal coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death
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Large observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and experimental studies have evaluated the effects of fish and n-3 fatty acid consumption on fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), clinically defined events that most often share the final common pathway of fatal ventricular arrhythmia. These different study designs, each having complementary strengths and limitations, provide strong concordant evidence that modest consumption of fish or fish oil (1-2 servings/wk of oily fish, or approximately 250 mg/d of EPA+DHA) substantially reduces the risk of CHD death and SCD. Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrates the magnitude and dose-response of this effect, with 36% lower risk of CHD death comparing 0 and 250 mg/d of EPA+DHA consumption (P < 0.001), but then little additional benefit with higher intakes. Reductions in risk are even larger in observational studies utilizing tissue biomarkers of n-3 fatty acids that more accurately measure dietary consumption. The concordance of findings from different studies also suggests that effects of fish or fish oil on CHD death and SCD do not vary depending on presence or absence of established CHD. The strength and consistency of the evidence, and the magnitude of this effect are each notable. Because more than one-half of all CHD deaths and two-thirds of SCD occur among individuals without recognized heart disease, modest consumption of fish or fish oil, together with smoking cessation and regular moderate physical activity, should be among the first-line treatments for prevention of CHD death and SCD.
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The current recommendation for fish consumption of at least twice a week is important for human health as it protects against the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and possibly some cancers.
“The current recommendation for the consumption of fish (at least twice a week) [18] is important for human health [19] as it protects against the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) [20], type 2 diabetes (T2D) [21], and possibly some cancers [22].”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Mozaffarian, D.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mozaffarian, Dariush
- ORCID
- Mozaffarian, Dariush
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1991S-1996S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2169711578
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 19.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL085710)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, EPA, docosahexaenoic acid, coronary heart disease mortality, sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmias, dietary intake, tissue biomarkers, dose-response relationship, cardiovascular disease prevention, smoking cessation, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Coronary Disease, Dietary Proteins, Inuit, Feeding Behavior, Fishes, Greenland, Humans, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Survival Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Death, Sudden, Cardiac
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