Dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, methyl mercury and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as biomarkers of fish consumption
Abstract
Background/objectives To assess biomarkers and frequency questions as measures of fish consumption.Subjects/methods Participants in the Fishermen substudy numbered 125 men and 139 women (aged 22-74), and in the Health 2000 substudy, 577 men and 712 women (aged 45-74) participated. The aim of the Fishermen study was to examine the overall health effect of fish consumption in a high-consumption population, whereas the aim of the Health 2000 substudy was to obtain in-depth information on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Fish consumption was measured by the same validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in both the studies, with a further two separate frequency questions used in the Fishermen substudy. Dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and methyl mercury (MeHg) (in the Fishermen substudy alone), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) (in both studies) were analyzed from fasting serum/blood samples.Results The Spearman's correlation coefficients between FFQ fish consumption and dioxins, PCBs, MeHg and omega-3 PUFAs were respectively 0.46, 0.48, 0.43 and 0.38 among the Fishermen substudy men, and 0.28, 0.36, 0.45 and 0.31 among women. Similar correlation coefficients were observed between FFQ fish consumption and serum omega-3 PUFAs in the Health 2000 substudy, and also between FFQ fish consumption and the frequency questions on fish consumption in the Fishermen substudy. According to multiple regression modeling and LMG metrics, the most important fish consumption biomarkers were dioxins and PCBs among the men and MeHg among the women.Conclusions Environmental contaminants seemed to be slightly better fish consumption biomarkers than omega-3 PUFAs in the Baltic Sea area. The separate frequency questions measured fish consumption equally well when compared with the FFQ.
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Dietary biomarkers include natural food constituents and also food additives such as iodine in milk and contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls in fatty fish.
“Dietary biomarkers not only include natural food constituents but also certain food additives such as iodine in milk (26) or food contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls in fatty fish (27).”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Turunen, A. W., Männistö, S., Kiviranta, H., Marniemi, J., Jula, A., Tiittanen, P., Suominen-Taipale, L., Vartiainen, T., & Verkasalo, P. K.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Turunen, A W
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2010-01-27
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 313-323
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W1983843562
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Keywords
- fish consumption, biomarkers, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, methylmercury, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, food frequency questionnaire, environmental pollutants, Baltic Sea
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Animals, Diet, Diet Surveys, Dioxins, Female, Fishes, Food Contamination, Humans, Male, Methylmercury Compounds, Middle Aged, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Surveys and Questionnaires, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomarkers, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Seafood, Risk Assessment, Statistics, Nonparametric, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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