Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT and CAGE Questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a Traumatic Brain Injury Population

Vissoci, Joao Ricardo Nickenig; Hertz, Julian; El-Gabri, Deena; Andrade Do Nascimento, José Roberto; Pestillo De Oliveira, Leonardo; Mmbaga, Blandina Theophil; Mvungi, Mark; Staton, Catherine A

doi:10.1093/alcalc/agx058

Cited by 40Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesHealth Education and ValidationPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT and CAGE Questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a Traumatic Brain Injury Population

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Vissoci, Joao Ricardo Nickenig, Hertz, Julian, El-Gabri, Deena, Andrade Do Nascimento, José Roberto, Pestillo De Oliveira, Leonardo, Mmbaga, Blandina Theophil, Mvungi, Mark, Staton, Catherine A·2018·Alcohol and Alcoholism

DOI 10.1093/alcalc/agx058PMC PMC6075633

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Abstract

AIMS: To develop Swahili versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and CAGE questionnaires and evaluate their psychometric properties in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) population in Tanzania. METHODS: Swahili versions of the AUDIT and CAGE were developed through translation and back-translation by a panel of native speakers of both English and Swahili. The translated instruments were administered to a sample of Tanzanian adults from a TBI registry. The validity and reliability were analyzed using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: The translated versions of both the AUDIT and CAGE questionnaires were found to have excellent language clarity and domain coherence. Reliability was acceptable (>0.85) for all tested versions. Confirmatory factor analysis of one, two and three factor solution for the AUDIT and one factor solution for the CAGE showed adequate results. AUDIT and CAGE scores were strongly correlated to each other (R > 0.80), and AUDIT scores were significantly lower in non-drinkers compared to drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: This article presents the first Swahili and Tanzanian adaptations of the AUDIT and CAGE instruments as well as the first validation of these questionnaires with TBI patients. Both instruments were found to have acceptable psychometric properties, resulting in two new useful tools for medical and social research in this setting.

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The AUDIT tool used for pre-intervention screening was locally validated.
“Nurses conducted pre-intervention screening with our locally validated AUDIT tool, alcohol use questions, and breathalyzer testing [50].”
From Feasibility of a pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial to evaluate a brief negotiational interview for harmful and hazardous alcohol use in Moshi, Tanzania (2023) · cites this paper as [50]

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Additional file 1: of Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the MMSE and MoCA questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a traumatic brain injury population
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Additional file 2: of Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the MMSE and MoCA questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a traumatic brain injury population
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Authors: Vissoci, J. R. N., Hertz, J., El-Gabri, D., Andrade Do Nascimento, J. R., Pestillo De Oliveira, L., Mmbaga, B. T., Mvungi, M., & Staton, C. A.
Affiliations: Duke Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
Duke University (US)
Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, Petrolina/PE, 56304-917, Brazil
Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Department of Health and Biological Sciences, UNICESUMAR, Av. Guedner 1610, Maringá/PR, 87050-900, Brazil
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (TZ)
Corresponding author: Staton, Catherine A
ORCID: Hertz, Julian
El-Gabri, Deena
Mmbaga, Blandina Theophil
Mvungi, Mark
Staton, Catherine A
Venue: Alcohol and Alcoholism
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2017-10-07
Volume: 53
Issue: 1
Pages: 112-120
ISSN: 0735-0414 (ISSN-L)
1464-3502
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx058
PMC: PMC6075633
OpenAlex: W2763505089
Cited by: 40
References: 89
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
FWCI: 1.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Alcohol and Alcoholism (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (K01TW010000)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: auditing, CAGE questionnaire, alcohol screening, traumatic brain injury, Swahili translation, cross-cultural adaptation, psychometric validation, alcoholism, Tanzanian adults, back-translation
MeSH terms: Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, Tanzania, Translations, Reproducibility of Results, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT and CAGE Questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a Traumatic Brain Injury Population

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