ALCOHOL USE AMONG SWEDES AND A PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IDENTIFICATION TEST

Bergman, H.

doi:10.1093/alcalc/37.3.245

Cited by 345Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

ALCOHOL USE AMONG SWEDES AND A PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IDENTIFICATION TEST

Bergman, H.·2002·Alcohol and Alcoholism

DOI 10.1093/alcalc/37.3.245

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Abstract

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was completed by 997 persons randomly selected from the general Swedish population (80% response rate). Eighteen per cent of the men and 5% of the women had hazardous or harmful alcohol use according to the > or =8 score criterion. AUDIT scores decreased with increasing age in both genders. Women are more sensitive to alcohol than men and when the cut-off score was set to > or =6, the female prevalence of hazardous or harmful alcohol use increased to nearly 11%. The 'binge drinking' question explained half of the total AUDIT variance and is thus the best item indicator of hazardous or harmful alcohol use in the test. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses revealed two AUDIT basic factors, the first three items defining a 'hazardous consumption' factor and the other seven items an 'alcohol-related problems' factor. Both the internal and test- retest reliability of the Swedish version of AUDIT were satisfactory. A table for converting raw scores to non-normalized T-scores for each combination of gender and three age intervals is presented.

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The basis for the female predilection in alcohol-induced nasal symptoms is not well understood.
“but the basis for this predilection is not well understood.168-170”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [170]
The Introduction discusses sex differences in blood-alcohol levels and alcohol-related harm, while the Discussion and Results address drinking patterns and AUDIT scores. Searches for female predilection and alcohol-induced nasal symptoms found no passage about nasal symptoms or why they might be more common in women. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist on Risk of Committing Child Sexual Abuse in Men With Pedophilic Disorder
Landgren, V., Malki, K., Bottai, M., Arver, S., & Rahm, C. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0440 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The genetics of alcohol dependence: Twin and SNP‐based heritability, and genome‐wide association study based on AUDIT scores
Mbarek, H., Milaneschi, Y., Fedko, I. O., Hottenga, J., de Moor, M. H. M., Jansen, R., Gelernter, J., Sherva, R., Willemsen, G., Boomsma, D. I., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32379 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Previous studies in general population samples from different countries consistently identified a two factor structure with one factor measuring alcohol consumption and the other factor measuring alcohol-related problems [Bergman and Kallmen, 2002; Lima et al., 2005; Shevlin and Smith, 2007].”
Background
Cross-cultural patterns of the association between varying levels of alcohol consumption and the common mental disorders of depression and anxiety: Secondary analysis of the WHO Collaborative Study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care
Bellos, S., Skapinakis, P., Rai, D., Pedro Zitko, M., Araya, R., Lewis, G., Lionis, C. D., & Mavreas, V. G. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.030 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“In order to highlight these non-linear associations we grouped the full range of alcohol consumption in 6 categories including that of abstinence or excessive drinking, as follows:(a) Regarding the total AUDIT scores we derived 6 groups of increasing severity defined using the 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentil…”
BackgroundMethod
The triggering effect of alcohol and illicit drugs on violent crime in a remand prison population: A case crossover study
Lundholm, L., Haggård, U., Möller, J., Hallqvist, J., & Thiblin, I. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.09.019 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“More than five glasses for men and four for women at the same occasion is regarded as harmful drinking (Bergman and Källmén, 2002), so-called binge drinking, with an increased risk for violence and injuries as well as mental and somatic effects (Brewer and Swahn, 2005).”
Background
Positive versus negative mental health in emerging adulthood: a national cross-sectional survey
Winzer, R., Lindblad, F., Sorjonen, K., & Lindberg, L. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1238 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“We used three questions from the Swedish version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [38] as a measure of risky alcohol consumption.”
Method
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test revisited: Establishing its structure using nonlinear factor analysis and identifying subgroups of respondents using latent class factor analysis
Rist, F., Glöckner-Rist, A., & Demmel, R. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.008 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Advice to patients in Swedish primary care regarding alcohol and other lifestyle habits: how patients report the actions of GPs in relation to their own expectations and satisfaction with the consultation
Johansson, K. A., Bendtsen, P., & Åkerlind, I. (2005) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki046 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Guided and Unguided Internet-Based Treatment for Problematic Alcohol Use – A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Sundström, C., Gajecki, M., Johansson, M., Blankers, M., Sinadinovic, K., Stenlund-Gens, E., & Berman, A. H. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157817 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“A score of between 6 and 13 for women and between 8 and 15 for men is considered hazardous use [31]; a score of between 14 and 19 for women, and between 16 and 19 for men is considered harmful use.”
Extensive undertreatment of osteoporosis in older Swedish women
Lorentzon, M., Nilsson, A. G., Johansson, H., Kanis, J. A., Mellström, D., & Sundh, D. (2019) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-019-04872-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Gender differences in the factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in multinational general population surveys
Peng, C.-Z., Wilsnack, R. W., Kristjanson, A. F., Benson, P. W., & Wilsnack, S. C. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“…from results for clinical samples, finding a two-factor structure of the AUDIT in general population samples replicates many previous studies (Bergman and Kallmen, 2002; Chung et al., 2002; Doyle et al., 2007; Karno et al., 2000; Kelly and Donovan, 2001; Lima et al., 2005; Maisto et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
ADHD in adult psychiatry. Minimum rates and clinical presentation in general psychiatry outpatients
Nylander, L., Holmqvist, M., Gustafson, L., & Gillberg, C. (2008) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480802416323 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The AUDIT measures degree of alcohol dependence and was completed by all 30 patients with scores ranging from 0 to 21, where 8 is commonly used as cut-off for problem drinking in men, and 6 in women (37, 38).”
BackgroundMethod
Alcohol involvement in Swedish University freshmen related to gender, age, serious relationship and family history of alcohol problems
Andersson, C. R., Johnsson, K., Berglund, M., & Öjehagen, A. (2007) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agm008 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“82 (Bergman and Källmen, 2002), and in this study this internal consistency score was 0.”
Background
Effects of acute alcohol consumption on executive cognitive functioning in naturalistic settings
Lyvers, M., & Tobias‐Webb, J. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.06.022 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“The measure has good to excellent temporal stability with testretest reliabilities for general population samples ranging from r =.87 over a one week time period (Rubin et al., 2006) to r =0.93 and 0.95 over a one month time period (Bergman & Källmén, 2002; Dybek et al., 2006).”
MethodInfluential
Childhood sexual abuse and substance abuse: A gender paradox?
Tonmyr, L., & Shields, M. E. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.004 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…involving three items and a second measuring symptoms of alcohol dependence involving seven items related to problem consequences from drinking (Bergman & Kallmen, 2002; Lima et al., 2005; Maisto, Conigliaro, McNeil, Kraemer, & Kelley, 2000; Peng, Wilsnack, Kristjanson, Benson, & Wilsnack,…”
Increased cortical porosity in women with hip fracture
Sundh, D., Nilsson, A. G., Nilsson, M., Johansson, L., Mellström, D., & Lorentzon, M. (2017) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12587 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The timed up and go test predicts fracture risk in older women independently of clinical risk factors and bone mineral density
Larsson, B. A. M., Johansson, L., Johansson, H., Axelsson, K. F., Harvey, N. C., Vandenput, L., Magnusson, P., McCloskey, E. V., Liu, E., Kanis, J. А., et al. (2020) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-020-05681-w · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Skills Training via Smartphone App for University Students with Excessive Alcohol Consumption: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Gajecki, M., Andersson, C. R., Rosendahl, I. K., Sinadinovic, K., Fredriksson, M., & Berman, A. H. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9629-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“sessment in study B, 6 weeks prior to the invitation to participate in the current trial, were indicative of hazardous drinking [20, 28].”
Background
Validation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test in a Swedish sample of suspected offenders with signs of mental health problems: Results from the Mental Disorder, Substance Abuse and Crime study
Durbeej, N., Berman, A. H., Gumpert, C. H., Palmstierna, T., Kristiansson, M., & Alm, C. (2010) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2010.07.007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Drinking patterns, psychological distress and quality of life in a Norwegian general population-based sample
Mathiesen, E. F., Nome, S., Eisemann, M. R., & Richter, J. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-0080-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Men With Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Behavior: A Clinical Trial
Wetterborg, D., Dehlbom, P., Långström, N., Andersson, G., Fruzzetti, A. E., & Enebrink, P. (2018) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_379 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Revising the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (CUDIT) by means of Item Response Theory
Annaheim, B., Scotto, T. J., & Gmel, G. E. (2010) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.308 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Empirical evidence points to mostly two-factor (drinking behaviour and adverse consequences, e.g. Bergman and Källmén, 2002; Kim et al., 2008; Shields et al., 2004), but also onefactor (Carey et al., 2003) and four-factor models (frequency, quantity of use, binge-drinking and problems: Gmel et al.,…”
Background
Personality traits and mental health of severe drunk drivers in Sweden
Hubicka, B., Källmén, H., Hiltunen, A. J., & Bergman, H. (2009) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0111-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
When social anxiety co-occurs with substance use: does an impulsive social anxiety subtype explain this unexpected relationship?
Nicholls, J., Staiger, P., Williams, J. S., Richardson, B., & Kambouropoulos, N. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.040 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Firstly, if, as researchers have previously contended, social anxiety precedes the onset substance misuse (Lipsitz and Schneier, 2000; Buckner et al., 2008), it is possible that those who fit the approachmotivated social anxiety subtype are at greater risk of developing co-occurring substance use owing to specific vul…”
Background
Constructing a theory- and evidence-based treatment rationale for complex ehealth interventions: development of an online alcohol intervention using an intervention mapping approach.
Brendryen, H., Johansen, A., Nesvåg, S., Kok, G., & Duckert, F. (2013) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.2371 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“However, in Sweden, a comparable nation with regard to alcohol consumption, the prevalence of at-risk drinking has been reported as 18% for men and 5% for women [36].”
Alcohol Use and Hazardous Drinking among Medical Specialists
Joos, L., Glazemakers, I., & Dom, G. (2013) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000341993 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Factor Structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for Men and Women in Different Age Groups
von der Pahlen, B., Santtila, P. O., Witting, K., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Johansson, A., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2008) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2008.69.616 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Internet‐based therapy versus face‐to‐face therapy for alcohol use disorder, a randomized controlled non‐inferiority trial
Johansson, M., Sinadinovic, K., Gajecki, M., Lindner, P., Berman, A. H., Hermansson, U., & Andréasson, S. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15270 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“AUDIT is a 10‐item instrument that has been validated in Swedish and via computer [31,32].”
Method
Cross-Cultural Patterns in College Student Drinking and its Consequences—A Comparison between the USA and Sweden
Ståhlbrandt, H., Andersson, C. R., Johnsson, K., Tollison, S. J., Berglund, M., & Larimer, M. E. (2008) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn055 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“In the USA, ∼63% of the population are current drinkers (NIAAA, 2004), compared to ∼87% in Sweden (Bergman and Källmén, 2002).”
Background
Rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity in relation to risky drinking by university students: Potential roles of frontal systems
Lyvers, M., Duff, H., Basch, V., & Edwards, M. S. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.028 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Temporal stability is also high ranging from r=.87 over one week (Rubin et al., 2006) to r=.93 and .95 over four weeks (Bergman & Källmén, 2002; Dybek et al., 2006).”
Background
An Epidemiological Study of ADHD, Substance Use, and Comorbid Problems in Incarcerated Women in Sweden
Konstenius, M., Larsson, H., Lundholm, L., Philips, B., van de Glind, G., Jayaram-Lindström, N., & Franck, J. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712451126 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Alcohol consumption was measured using the Swedish version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT; Bergman & Kallmen, 2002; Saunders, Aasland, Babor, de la Fuente, & Grant, 1993).”
Method
Intimate partner violence and help-seeking – a cross-sectional study of women in Sweden
Dufort, M., Gumpert, C. H., & Stenbacka, M. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-866 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“95) [38].”
Is Pregnancy the Time to Change Alcohol Consumption Habits in France?
de Chazeron, I., Llorca, P., Ughetto, S., Vendittelli, F., Boussiron, D., Sapin, V., Coudoré, F., & Lemery, D. J. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00646.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“In reference to the AUDIT cut-off of 6 for detecting hazardous or harmful alcohol for nonpregnant women (Bergman and Kallmen, 2002), 9 individuals (2.1”
BackgroundInfluential
Secondary prevention of hazardous alcohol consumption in psychiatric out-patients: a randomised controlled study
Eberhard, S., Nordstrom, G., Höglund, P., & Öjehagen, A. (2009) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0023-7 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Internet-based assessment and self-monitoring of problematic alcohol and drug use
Sinadinovic, K., Berman, A. H., Hasson, D., & Wennberg, P. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.021 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT and CAGE Questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a Traumatic Brain Injury Population
Vissoci, J. R. N., Hertz, J., El-Gabri, D., Andrade Do Nascimento, J. R., Pestillo De Oliveira, L., Mmbaga, B. T., Mvungi, M., & Staton, C. A. (2018) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agx058 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“However, multiple previous psychometric analyses have shown that AUDIT’s internal structure is most consistent with a 2D model (Bergman and Kallmen, 2002; Cook et al., 2011).”
Method
Single-session motivational interviewing for drug detoxification inpatients: effects on self-efficacy, stages of change and substance use
Berman, A. H., Forsberg, L., Durbeej, N., Källmén, H., & Hermansson, U. (2010) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826080903452488 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Alcohol use was measured using the 10-item self-report Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; Bergman and Källmén, 2002;”
Method
Naltrexone in compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a feasibility study of twenty men
Savard, J., Öberg, K. G., Chatzittofis, A., Dhejne, C., Arver, S., & Jokinen, J. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.318 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Alcohol habits in Sweden during 1997–2005 measured with the AUDIT
Källmén, H., Wennberg, P., Berman, A. H., & Bergman, H. (2007) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480701773303 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The Swedish version of the test has been described earlier by Bergman & Källmén (6).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Stress and hazardous alcohol use: Associations with early dropout from university
Andersson, C., Johnsson, K. O., Berglund, M., & Öjehagen, A. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494809344359 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Disinhibition and reward sensitivity in relation to alcohol consumption by university undergraduates
Lyvers, M., Czerczyk, C., Girardi, A. M., & Lodge, P. (2009) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066350802404158 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Recent studies have shown that the AUDIT demonstrates construct, discriminate, and concurrent validity (Bergman and Kallmen 2002; Shields and Caruso 2004).”
Background
Internet-based emotional awareness and expression therapy for somatic symptom disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Maroti, D., Lumley, M. A., Schubiner, H., Lilliengren, P., Bileviciute-Ljungar, I., Ljótsson, B., & Johansson, R. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111068 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Harmful Alcohol Use and Alcohol Dependence as Self-help or With Therapist Guidance: Three-Armed Randomized Trial
Johansson, M., Berman, A. H., Sinadinovic, K., Lindner, P., Hermansson, U., & Andréasson, S. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/29666 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“AUDIT [38] is a 10-item instrument that covers both alcohol consumption and problems and has been validated in Swedish and via the computer [51,52].”
Alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses' memory of intimate partner violence
Karlén, M. H., af Hjelmsäter, E. R., Fahlke, C., Granhag, P. A., & Gordh, A. S. (2014) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2014.951644 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“This is likely to stem from a gender-specific reaction to this alcohol dose, since women have a relatively greater vulnerability to short-term as well as to long-term effects of alcohol (Andreano & Cahill, 2009; Bergman & Källmén, 2002; Mumenthaler, Taylor, O’Hara, & Yesevage, 1999).”
Background
Web-Based Self-Help for Problematic Alcohol Use: a Large Naturalistic Study
Johansson, M., Sinadinovic, K., Hammarberg, A., Sundström, C., Hermansson, U., Andréasson, S., & Berman, A. H. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9618-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“They were then directed to a screening page where they were required to indicate their gender and age and fill in Web-based Swedish versions of the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT [22]) and the first question of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT [23]); registrants who scored >0 filled in all 11…”
Method
Alcohol-induced upper airway symptoms: prevalence and co-morbidity
Nihlen, U., Greiff, L. J., Nyberg, P., Persson, C. G. A., & Andersson, M. (2005) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2004.11.010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Measurement invariance of the alcohol use disorders identification test: Establishing its factor structure in different settings and across gender
Möhring, A., Krause, K., Guertler, D., Bischof, G., Hapke, U., Freyer‐Adam, J., Baumann, S., Batra, A., Rumpf, H., Ulbricht, S., et al. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Alexithymia in relation to parental alcoholism, everyday frontal lobe functioning and alcohol consumption in a non-clinical sample
Lyvers, M., Onuoha, R., Thorberg, F. A., & Samios, C. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on use of child sexual abuse material: A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the Darknet
Lätth, J., Landgren, V., McMahan, A., Sparre, C., Eriksson, J., Malki, K., Söderquist, E., Öberg, K. G., Rozental, A., Andersson, G., et al. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100590 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“b Positive screening results on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) (8+ out of 40 points) (Bergman and Källmén, 2002) or the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) (3+ out of 44 points) (Hildebrand, 2015).”
Method
Comparison of WEB and Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Methods for Delivering Brief Alcohol Interventions to Hazardous-Drinking University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Andersson, C. R. (2015) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000381017 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Auricular acupuncture for substance use: a randomized controlled trial of effects on anxiety, sleep, drug use and use of addiction treatment services
Ahlberg, R., Skårberg, K., Brus, O., & Kjellin, L. (2016) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-016-0068-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Cases with missing values for up to three BAI items, one ISI item, two AUDIT items and two DUDIT items were included in the analyses.”
MethodInfluential
The role of empowerment and quality of life in depression severity among unemployed people with affective disorders receiving mental healthcare
Johanson, S., & Bejerholm, U. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1211758 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Test-retest and internal reliability are satisfactory.[55] The Swedish version of Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self Report Scales (ASRS) [56] was administered to screen for attention and hyperactivity symptoms.”
Method
Tailored internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals experiencing psychological distress associated with climate change: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Lindhe, N., Bengtsson, A., Byggeth, E., Engström, J., Lundin, M., Ludvigsson, M., Aminoff, V., Berg, M., & Andersson, G. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104438 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“However, the cut-off score of 15 has been found to give the highest positive predictive value (Bergman & K ¨ allm ´ en, 2002).”
Concurrent validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in relation to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity levels according to the brief DSM-5 AUD diagnostic assessment screener
Källmén, H., Elgán, T. H., Wennberg, P., & Berman, A. H. (2019) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1642382 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Respondents were sent an invitation letter in the spring of 2018 and a postal questionnaire consisting of the Swedish version of the 10-item AUDIT [5,15] and an authorized Swedish translation of the 13-item brief DSM-5 selfreport diagnostic assessment screener [2].”
Method
Population screening of risky alcohol and drug use via Internet and Interactive Voice Response (IVR): A feasibility and psychometric study in a random sample
Sinadinovic, K., Wennberg, P., & Berman, A. H. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Adults with mild to moderate depression exhibit more alcohol related problems compared to the general adult population: a cross sectional study
Åhlin, J., Hallgren, M. Å., Öjehagen, A., Källmén, H., & Forsell, Y. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1837-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“three-factor scale consisting of consumption, dependence and harms [18, 19].”
Long-Term Treatment Outcome in Adult Male Prisoners With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Ginsberg, Y., Långström, N., Larsson, H., & Lindefors, N. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000395 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Alcohol Habits in Sweden during 1997–2009 with Particular Focus on 2005 and 2009, Assessed with the AUDIT: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Källmén, H., Wennberg, P., Leifman, H., Bergman, H., & Berman, A. H. (2010) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000322068 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exploration of the (Interrater) Reliability and Latent Factor Structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) in a Sample of Dutch Probationers
Hildebrand, M., & Noteborn, M. G. C. (2015) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.998238 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Interestingly, this two-factor solution is not entirely similar to that generally identified in (a variety of) adult samples (AlMarri et al., 2009; Bergman & Källmén, 2002; Karno et al., 2000; Maisto et al., 2000; Mathew et al., 2010; Shevlin & Smith, 2007; Shields, Guttmannova, & Caruso, 2004;…”
Result
Behavioral couples therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial
Nilsson, A., Magnusson, K., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., & Hellner, C. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14900 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Primary hyperhidrosis: Implications on symptoms, daily life, health and alcohol consumption when treated with botulinum toxin
Shayesteh, A., Boman, J., Janlert, U., Brulin, C., & Nylander, E. (2016) · The Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13291 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Anabolic-androgenic steroid users in treatment : social background, drug use patterns, and criminality
Skårberg, K. (2009) · Örebro University Library (Örebro University) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-Reported Needs for Care, Support and Treatment of Persons Who Frequently Visit Psychiatric Emergency Rooms in Sweden
Schmidt, M., Ekstrand, J., & Tops, A. B. (2018) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2018.1481471 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Treating Patients With Co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Clinical Explorative Study
Helverschou, S. B., Brunvold, A. R., & Arnevik, E. A. (2019) · Substance Abuse Research and Treatment · doi:10.1177/1178221819843291 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

[Swedish women have developed more risky and more harmful alcohol drinking habits. A survey of alcohol drinking changes among Swedes between 1997-2001].
Bergman, H., & Källmén, H. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
Danish validation of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)
Schøler, P. N., Andersen, K., Thiele, M. S., Becker, U., Christiansen, E., & Nielsen, A. S. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948261457731
Factor Structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for Men and Women in Different Age Groups
von der Pahlen, B., Santtila, P. O., Witting, K., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Johansson, A., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2008) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2008.69.616 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption‐II
SAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,482 · see citing works
doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl072, available online at www.alcalc.oxfordjournals.org A COMPARISON OF THE ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IDENTIFICATION TEST (AUDIT) IN GENERAL POPULATION SURVEYS IN NINE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Knibbe, R. A., Derickx, M., Kuntsche, S., Grittner, U., & Bloomfield, K. (2014)

Authors: Bergman, H.
Affiliations: Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author: Bergman, H.
Venue: Alcohol and Alcoholism
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2002-05-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Pages: 245-251
ISSN: 0735-0414 (ISSN-L)
1464-3502
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/37.3.245
OpenAlex: W1995146706
Cited by: 345
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 3.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Alcohol and Alcoholism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Karolinska Institutet
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, auditing, alcoholism, hazardous drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-related problems, psychometric validation, factor structure, test-retest reliability, gender differences, age differences, Swedish population, screening tool
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden, Alcohol-Related Disorders

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ALCOHOL USE AMONG SWEDES AND A PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IDENTIFICATION TEST

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