Autophagy contributes to hypoxia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition of endometrial epithelial cells in endometriosis
Open accessAbstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disorder, and presents with malignant characteristics, such as migration and invasion. Hypoxia has been implicated in triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hypoxia is also known to induce autophagy. However, the relationship between autophagy and EMT under hypoxia conditions in endometriosis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), and mesenchymal cell marker vimentin was significantly higher in ectopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis, along with decreased expression of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin. After hypoxia treatment, endometrial epithelial cells exhibited enhanced migration and invasion abilities, as well as promoted autophagy and the EMT phenotype. Our analyses also show that HIF-1α was responsible for induction of autophagy. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by chemical or genetic approaches suppressed hypoxia triggered EMT and reduced cell migration and invasion. Collectively, our findings identify that autophagy is critical for the migration and invasion of endometrial cells through the induction of EMT and indicate that inhibition of autophagy may be a novel useful strategy in the treatment of endometriosis.
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In endometrial epithelial cells, hypoxia-induced EMT is facilitated by enhanced autophagy.
“In endometrial epithelial cells, the hypoxia-induced EMT is facilitated by enhanced autophagy [95].”
From The Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis vis-à-vis Endometriosis (2020) · cites this paper as [95]
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Hou, H.-T., Tsai, Y.-C., Lin, S.-C., Pan, P.-H., Wu, M., & Tsai, S. (2026) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gaag020
The role of the SIRT1/FOXO1 axis in regulating autophagy and inflammation in endometriosis
Meng, X., Liu, H., Ma, Y., Qi, J., Zhang, L., Yang, X., & Chen, J. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08196-w
- Authors
- Liu, H., Du, Y., Zhang, Z., Lv, L., Xiong, W., Zhang, L., Li, N., He, H., Li, Q., & Liu, Y.
- Affiliations
- Wuhan Union Hospital (CN)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wu Han Kang Jian Fu Ying Hospital, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Yi
- Venue
- Biology of Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-05-31
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 968-981
- ISSN
- 0006-3363 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-7268
- PMC
- PMC6297317
- OpenAlex
- W2807648383
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 5.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Biology of Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471439)
- National Institutes of Health (HD076257)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- endometriosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, HIF-1α, endometrial epithelial cells, cell migration, cell invasion, E-cadherin, vimentin, LC3, autophagy inhibition
- MeSH terms
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4, Adult, Hypoxia, Autophagy, Cell Line, Cell Movement, Endometriosis, Endometrium, Epithelial Cells, Female, Humans, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Middle Aged, Vimentin, Cadherins, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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