The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms
Open accessAbstract
We investigated various magnetic resonance MRI parameters for both brain and spinal cord to see if any improved the clinicoradiological correlation in multiple sclerosis. Ninety-one multiple sclerosis patients (28 relapsing-remitting, 32 secondary progressive and 31 primary progressive) were imaged using conventional T1, proton density- and T2-weighted MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Focal brain and spinal cord lesion load was scored, as were diffuse signal abnormalities, brain ventricular volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. Clinical measures included the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the functional systems score and a dedicated urology complaint questionnaire. Secondary progressive patients differed from relapsing-remitting and primary progressive patients by a larger number of hypointense T1 lesions in the brain, ventricular enlargement and spinal cord atrophy. Primary progressive patients more often had diffuse abnormalities in the brain and/or spinal cord than did relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive patients. In the entire study population, EDSS correlated with both brain and spinal cord MRI parameters, which were independent. The urological complaint score correlated only with spinal cord MRI parameters. In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, the correlation between MRI and clinical parameters was better than in the entire population. In this subgroup EDSS variance could be explained best by T1 brain lesion load, ventricle volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. In the primary progressive subgroup the clinicoradiological correlation was weak for brain parameters but was present between spinal cord symptoms and spinal cord MRI parameters. In conclusion, the different brain and spinal cord MRI parameters currently available revealed considerable heterogeneity between clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis. In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis both brain and spinal cord MRI may provide a tool for monitoring patients, while in primary progressive multiple sclerosis the clinicoradiological correlation is weak for brain imaging.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
Kurtzke, J. F. (1983) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444 · Cited by 15,011
Losseff, N. A., Webb, S. L., O'Riordan, J. I., Page, R., Wang, L., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., McDonald, W. I., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. J. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.701 · Cited by 643
Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Thompson, A. J., Kermode, A. G., Wicks, D., MacManus, D. G., Kendall, B. E., Kingsley, D. P. E., & McDonald, W. I. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410290111 · Cited by 486
Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis A serial MRI study
Losseff, N. A., Wang, L., Lai, H. M., Yoo, D. S., Gawne-Cain, M. L., McDonald, W. I., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. J. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.6.2009 · Cited by 479
Truyen, L., van Waesberghe, J. H. T. M., van Walderveen, M. A. A., van Oosten, B. W., Polman, C. H., Hommes, O. R., Ader, H. J. A., & Barkhof, F. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.6.1469 · Cited by 462
Miller, D. H., Albert, P. S., Barkhof, F., Francis, G., Frank, J. A., Hodgkinson, S., Lublin, F. D., Paty, D. W., Reingold, S. C., & Simon, J. (1996) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410390104 · Cited by 444
A Magnetization Transfer Imaging Study of Normal-Appearing White Matter in Multiple Sclerosis
Filippi, M., Campi, A., Dousset, V., Baratti, C., Martinelli, V., Canal, N., Scotti, G., & Comi, G. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.3.478 · Cited by 366
Spinal cord MRI using multi‐array coils and fast spin echo: II. Findings in multiple sclerosis
Kidd, D., Thorpe, J. W., Thompson, A. J., Kendall, B. E., Moseley, I. F., MacManus, D. G., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.12.2632 · Cited by 340
On the evaluation of disability in multiple sclerosis
Kurtzke, J. F. (1961) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.11.8.686 · Cited by 330
Filippi, M., Paty, D. W., Kappos, L., Barkhof, F., Compston, D. A. S., Thompson, A. J., Zhao, G. J., Wiles, C. M., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.2.255 · Cited by 296
Cited by
Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Miller, D. H., & Leary, S. M. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70243-0 · Cited by 818
Wattjes, M. P., Ciccarelli, O., Reich, D. S., Banwell, B., de Stefano, N., Enzinger, C., Fazekas, F., Filippi, M., Frederiksen, J., Gasperini, C., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00095-8 · Cited by 674
Self-citationMiller, D. H. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf177 · Cited by 631
Radial diffusivity predicts demyelination in ex vivo multiple sclerosis spinal cords
Klawiter, E. C., Schmidt, R. E., Trinkaus, K., Liang, H.-F., Budde, M. D., Naismith, R. T., Song, S.-K., Cross, A. H., & Benzinger, T. L. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.007 · Cited by 364
Asymptomatic spinal cord lesions predict disease progression in radiologically isolated syndrome
Okuda, D. T., Mowry, E. M., Cree, B. A. C., Crabtree, E. C., Goodin, D. S., Waubant, E., & Pelletier, D. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820d8b1d · Cited by 247
Metadata
- Authors
- Nijeholt, G.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-04-01
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 687-697
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2061110874
- Cited by
- 381
- References
- 23
- FWCI
- 12.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/brain/121.4.687
- The paper
- Nijeholt, G. (1998). Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms. Brain. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/121.4.687
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
