CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 220Cell Adhesion Molecules ResearchBarrier Structure and Function StudiesNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Differential adhesion molecule requirements for immune surveillance and inflammatory recruitment

Carrithers, Michael D., Visintin, Irene, Kang, Suk J., Janeway, Charles A.·2000·Brain
DOI 10.1093/brain/123.6.1092
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Activated CD4 Th1 lymphocytes can enter the brain in the absence of an inflammatory focus. However, the molecular mediators that regulate this early migration of lymphocytes into the brain have remained unclear. We hypothesized that the entry of these 'pioneer' lymphocytes into the brain is regulated by a set of molecular events that are distinct from those used once inflammation has been established. Using cells fluorescently labelled with the lipophilic dye DiI, myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific CD4 lymphocytes that expressed low or high levels of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and non-antigen-specific activated splenocytes homed to mouse brain in similar quantities 2 h after adoptive transfer. However, antigen specificity and VLA-4 expression were required for more robust recruitment by 24 h. Immunocytochemistry revealed endothelial and microenvironmental upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), MHC class II and interferon-gamma 48 h after transfer of MBP-specific cells. In contrast, expression of meningeal and choroid plexus-associated P selectin was upregulated 2 h after adoptive transfer, but not at 48 h. Monoclonal antibody to P selectin, but not to VLA-4, inhibited early migration of high VLA-4-expressing MBP-specific lymphocytes. These results suggest that early migration occurs independent of the lymphocyte integrin VLA-4 and endothelial VCAM, but does require increased surface expression of endothelial P selectin.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/brain/123.6.1092

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Subarachnoid and pial vessels restrict extravasation of leukocytes, but migration across these vessels is more efficient relative to parenchymal vessels because meningeal endothelial cells constitutively express P-selectin during steady state.

    “Subarachnoid and pial vessels also restrict extravasation of leukocytes; however, migration across these vessels is more efficient relative to parenchymal vessels (86). This is because meningeal, unlike parenchymal, vascular endothelial cells constitutively express P-selectin during steady state, which is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies, allowing rapid release to the endothelial surface (79, 86).”

    From The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system (2019) · cites this paper as [86]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Carrithers, M. D., Visintin, I., Kang, S. J., & Janeway, C. A.
Affiliations
  • Yale University (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Carrithers, Michael D.
ORCID
Carrithers, Michael D.
Venue
Brain
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2000-06
Volume
123
Issue
6
Pages
1092-1101
ISSN
  • 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2156
DOI
10.1093/brain/123.6.1092
OpenAlex
W2009355727
Cited by
220
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
FWCI
6.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Multiple Sclerosis Society
  • Multiple Sclerosis Society
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI/AR36529)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (KO8 NS 02124-01, K08NS002124)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
lymphocyte homing, CD4+ T cells, VLA-4, P-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MHC class II, interferon-gamma, myelin basic protein, adoptive transfer, neuroinflammation, immune surveillance, choroid plexus, adhesion molecules
MeSH terms
Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Carbocyanines, Cell Movement, Myelin Basic Protein, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Immunologic Surveillance, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Inbred Strains, Pancreas, Spleen, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Integrins, Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing, Th1 Cells, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Anti-Allergic Agents, P-Selectin, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Integrin alpha4beta1, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review