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Neutralizing Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants Induced by Natural Infection or Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may pose a threat to immunity. A systematic landscape of neutralizing antibodies against emerging variants is needed. We systematically searched for studies that evaluated neutralizing antibody titers induced by previous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 variants and collected individual data. We identified 106 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Lineage B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma) and B.1.617.2 (delta) significantly escaped natural infection–mediated neutralization, with an average of 4.1-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6–4.7-fold), 1.8-fold (1.4–2.4-fold), and 3.2-fold (2.4–4.1-fold) reduction in live virus neutralization assay, while neutralizing titers against B.1.1.7 (alpha) decreased slightly (1.4-fold [95% CI: 1.2–1.6-fold]). Serum from vaccinees also led to significant reductions in neutralization of B.1.351 across different platforms, with an average of 7.1-fold (95% CI: 5.5–9.0-fold) for nonreplicating vector platform, 4.1-fold (3.7–4.4-fold) for messenger RNA platform, and 2.5-fold (1.7–2.9-fold) for protein subunit platform. Neutralizing antibody levels induced by messenger RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants were similar to, or higher, than that derived from naturally infected individuals.
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In the citing paper
“The Alpha variant is susceptible to neutralization by most neutralizing mAbs as well as by most plasma samples from previously infected persons 97,102,121,149,159,[203][204][205][206] (fIg.5).”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“The Alpha variant has displayed 3-fold to 10-fold reduced susceptibility to approximately 15% of plasma samples from recipients of an authorized mRNA vaccine 97,102,121,148,149,152,159,204,208,209 .”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“Of plasma samples from persons receiving one of the two authorized mRNA vaccines, about 60% had 3-fold to 10-fold and 5% had >10-fold reduced neutralizing activity 97,103,117,167,217,230 (fIg.5).”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“Of convalescent plasma samples obtained from persons infected with early pandemic variants or with the Alpha variant, about 20% had 3-fold to 10-fold and 10% had >10-fold reduced neutralizing activity 97,103,117,203,217,228,229 (fIg.5).”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“Of plasma samples obtained from persons receiving one of the mRNA vaccines, 45% had 3-fold to 10-fold and 30% had >10-fold reduced Beta variant neutralizing activity 97,104,117,121,151,204,208,209,222,223 (fIg.5).”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“The Beta variant has displayed 3-fold to 10-fold reduced susceptibility to 46% and >10-fold reduced susceptibility to 22% of convalescent plasma samples compared with early pandemic variants 97,101,104,121,124,203,204,[218][219][220] (fIg.5).”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, X., Chen, Z., Azman, A. S., Sun, R., Lu, W., Zheng, N., Zhou, J., Wu, Q., Deng, X., Zhao, Z., Chen, X., Ge, S., Yang, J., Leung, D. T., & Yu, H.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yu, Hongjie
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-07-24
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 734-742
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- PMC
- PMC9016754
- OpenAlex
- W3183560460
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 23
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (81525023)
- Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (18XD1400300)
- National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX10713001-007, 2017ZX10103009-005, 2018ZX10201001-010)
- National Institutes of Health (R01 AI135115)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2 variants, neutralizing antibodies, antibody escape, natural infection, COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA vaccines, vector vaccines, subunit vaccine, neutralization titers
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