Resistance training and pioglitazone lead to improvements in muscle power during voluntary weight loss in older adults
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity in older adults is increasing but concerns exist about the effect of weight loss on muscle function. Demonstrating that muscle strength and power are not adversely affected during "intentional" weight loss in older adults is important given the wide-ranging negative health effects of excess adiposity. METHODS: Participants (N = 88; age = 70.6 ± 3.6 years; body mass index = 32.8 ± 4.5 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups: pioglitazone or placebo and resistance training (RT) or no RT, while undergoing intentional weight loss via a hypocaloric diet. Outcomes were leg press power and isometric knee extensor strength. Analysis of covariance, controlling for baseline values, compared follow-up means of power and strength according to randomized groups. RESULTS: Participants lost an average of 6.6% of initial body mass, and significant declines were observed in fat mass, lean body mass, and appendicular lean body mass. Compared with women not randomized to RT, women randomized to RT had significant improvements in leg press power (p < .001) but not in knee extensor strength (p = 0.12). No significant differences between groups in change in power or strength from baseline were detected in men (both p > .25). A significant pioglitazone-by-RT interaction for leg press power was detected in women (p = .006) but not in men (p = .88). CONCLUSIONS: In older overweight and obese adults, a hypocaloric weight loss intervention led to significant declines in lean body mass and appendicular lean body mass. However, in women assigned to RT, leg power significantly improved following the intervention, and muscle strength or power was not adversely effected in the other groups. Pioglitazone potentiated the effect of RT on muscle power in women but not in men; mechanisms underlying this sex effect remain to be determined.
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Effects of loss or blunted increase of lean mass with weight loss on physical performance are offset by improvements in total and regional adiposity.
“as we previously showed, any effects of the loss or blunted increase of lean mass with weight loss on physical performance is offset by improvements in total and regional adiposity (22,45).”
From Effects of resistance training with and without caloric restriction on physical function and mobility in overweight and obese older adults: a randomized controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as [45]
The Discussion and Notes (page unavailable) report that fat and lean mass fell while muscle strength and power generally did not decline. The paper only speculates that reduced fat mass may have helped offset effects of lean-mass loss; it does not establish that total and regional adiposity improvements offset effects on physical performance. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Marsh, A. P., Kyla Shea, M., Vance Locke, R. M., Miller, M. E., Isom, S., Miller, G. D., Nicklas, B. J., Lyles, M. F., Carr, J. J., & Kritchevsky, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-01-04
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 828-836
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC3693600
- OpenAlex
- W2149965016
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 2.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America
- Wake Forest University (P30 AG21332)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG-21332, P30AG028740, P30AG021332)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- resistance training, pioglitazone, muscle power, older adults, obesity, hypocaloric diet, quadriceps strength, lean body mass, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Pioglitazone, Aged, Aging, Body Composition, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Obesity, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Thiazolidinediones, Overweight, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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