Impact of weight loss on physical function with changes in strength, muscle mass, and muscle fat infiltration in overweight to moderately obese older adults: a randomized clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
Purpose . Evaluate the effects of weight loss on muscle mass and area, muscle fat infiltration, strength, and their association with physical function. Methods . Thirty-six overweight to moderately obese, sedentary older adults were randomized into either a physical activity plus weight loss (PA+WL) or physical activity plus successful aging health education (PA+SA) program. Measurements included body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, knee extensor strength, and short physical performance battery (SPPB). Results . At 6 months, PA+WL lost greater thigh fat and muscle area compared to PA+SA. PA+WL lost 12.4% strength; PA+SA lost 1.0%. Muscle fat infiltration decreased significantly in PA+WL and PA+SA. Thigh fat area decreased 6-fold in comparison to lean area in PA+WL. Change in total SPPB score was strongly inversely correlated with change in fat but not with change in lean or strength. Conclusion . Weight loss resulted in additional improvements in function over exercise alone, primarily due to loss of body fat.
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Diet-induced weight loss reduces muscle mass without adversely affecting muscle strength.
“diet-induced weight loss reduces muscle mass without adversely affecting muscle strength”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
Results §§3.4–3.5 report reduced thigh muscle area in the physical-activity-plus-weight-loss group, but also a 12.4% decline in knee extensor strength from baseline to six months (P = .01). The Discussion likewise says the group lost a significant amount of strength. The difference in strength change between intervention groups was not statistically significant (P = .11), but the paper does not support the claim that strength was unaffected. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWeight loss can sometimes decrease muscle strength due to the reduction in body mass, but it often improves physical function by reducing the mechanical load on the body.
“Although weight loss can sometimes decrease muscle strength due to the reduction in body mass [7], it often improves physical function by reducing the mechanical load on the body [69].”
From The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial (2025) · cites this paper as [69]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports improved function in the physical-activity-plus-weight-loss group and suggests that losing proportionally more fat made participants better able to carry their weight. That supports the proposed mechanism, but the paper presents it as a probable explanation in older adults receiving both weight loss and physical activity, not an established reason weight loss often improves function generally. The strength clause has a separate citation and is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWeight loss improves global physical function, most likely because of reduced fat mass.
“weight loss improves global physical function, most likely because of reduced fat mass”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
The Abstract and Discussion report improved physical function in the physical-activity-plus-weight-loss group and suggest that fat loss explains the improvement. However, Results §3.6 found no significant difference in SPPB improvement between groups, and the Discussion notes that the study cannot distinguish weight loss alone from the activity intervention. The unqualified claim overstates what this trial establishes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe reductions in muscle mass in young and old men and women with obesity after diet-induced weight loss of 8-10% were about 2-10%.
“The reductions in muscle mass in young and old men and women with obesity after diet-induced weight-loss of 8-10% were ;2-10% (47, 52-56, 59, 62-66).”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
The Results (§3.4, page unavailable) report a 2.2% reduction in thigh muscle cross-sectional area, within the claimed 2–10% range. But §3.2 reports average weight loss of 5.5%, not 8–10%, and the trial studied older adults receiving physical activity alongside dietary weight loss; it does not establish the claim for young adults or diet-induced weight loss alone. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDiet-induced weight loss reduces muscle lipid content and does not affect or slightly decreases leg muscle strength.
“Diet-induced weight loss reduces muscle lipid content (assessed by X-ray attenuation or MRI) (52,62,63,74) and does not affect (55,65,93), or slightly decreases (48,52,56), leg muscle strength.”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
The Results (§3.4) report reduced muscle lipid content, measured by CT muscle attenuation, in the physical-activity-plus-weight-loss group. The Results (§3.5) also report a significant 12.4% decline in knee extensor strength over six months, which is not clearly a slight decrease. Because the intervention combined diet-induced weight loss with physical activity, the study does not isolate the effect of diet alone. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Grip strength and global measures of physical function, such as balance, walking speed, or climbing stairs, improve after weight loss.
“Grip strength and global measures of physical function, such as balance, walking speed, or climbing stairs, improve after weight loss (52, 54-56, 93, 115, 127).”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
Results §3.6 (page unavailable) reports improved overall physical function in the physical-activity-plus-weight-loss group, measured by a battery that includes walking and balance; it found no significant difference in improvement between intervention groups. The paper does not report improved grip strength or stair-climbing performance, and its intervention combined weight loss with physical activity rather than testing weight loss alone. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTargeted weight loss and resistance training may improve functionality through favourable structural muscle remodelling.
“and it may be that targeted weight loss and resistance training improves functionality through favourable structural muscle remodelling [46].”
From Obesity pharmacotherapy in older adults: a narrative review of evidence (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
Each kilogram of body weight lost constitutes approximately 75% fat mass and 25% muscle mass.
“Generally, each kilogram of body weight lost constitutes ~75% fat mass and ~25% muscle mass [46], although the relationship is non-linear and governed by the magnitude of weight loss [47].”
From Obesity pharmacotherapy in older adults: a narrative review of evidence (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
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“Although weight loss can sometimes decrease muscle strength due to the reduction in body mass [7], it often improves physical function by reducing the mechanical load on the body [69].”
- Authors
- Santanasto, A. J., Glynn, N. W., Newman, M. A., Taylor, C. A., Brooks, M. M., Goodpaster, B. H., & Newman, A. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glynn, Nancy W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 2011
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 2090-0708 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-0716
- PMC
- PMC2952914
- OpenAlex
- W1987266275
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1 U48 DP000025)
- The Center for Aging and Population Health (1 U48 DP000025)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- weight loss, physical function, muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle fat infiltration, older adults, obesity, overweight, physical activity, successful aging, body composition, thigh fat, quadriceps strength, Short Physical Performance Battery, sedentary aging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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