Transgender Adults From Minoritized Ethnoracial Groups in the U.S. Report Greater Subjective Cognitive Decline
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: Investigate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) among 4 study groups consisting of cisgender and transgender adults who are from minoritized ethnoracial groups (i.e., minoritized ethnoracial transgender, minoritized ethnoracial cisgender) and White cisgender and transgender adults aged 45+ (i.e., White transgender, White cisgender) to determine the odds of SCD by group and to test for group differences. Methods: Data from the 2015–2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used in a modified case–control approach to perform an intercategorical intersectional study. Each transgender participant was matched to 2 cisgender men and 2 cisgender women, on state, ethnoracial identity, and age. Multivariable logistic regressions modeled SCD odds by group and post hoc contrasts estimated pairwise odds ratios comparing the SCD odds for each combination of groups. Results: SCD prevalence was highest among minoritized ethnoracial transgender (21.6%), followed by White transgender (15.0%), minoritized ethnoracial cisgender (12.0%), and White cisgender (9.0%). After accounting for age, education, and survey year, the odds of SCD were higher in minoritized ethnoracial transgender when compared to White cisgender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–3.96) and minoritized ethnoracial cisgender (aOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16–3.09). The odds of SCD were higher in White transgender compared to White cisgender (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.20–2.30). Discussion: When considering the intersection of transgender and ethnoracial identities, we found that transgender adults from minoritized ethnoracial groups reported higher odds of SCD when compared to cisgender adults from minoritized ethnoracial groups. Additional studies are needed to understand the relationship between racialized and gendered inequities in cognitive impairment and how specific mechanisms of systemic transphobia and racism may contribute to this inequity.
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Transgender adults from minoritized ethnoracial groups are more likely to report subjective cognitive decline than other transgender adults.
“For example, a recent study showed that transgender adults from minoritized ethnoracial groups are more likely to report subjective cognitive decline than other transgender adults.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [361]
The Results report higher observed subjective cognitive decline prevalence among transgender adults from minoritized ethnoracial groups than among White transgender adults (21.6% versus 15.0%). But the Results also say the pairwise comparison between those transgender groups was not statistically significant; the significant adjusted differences were against cisgender groups. The claim omits that qualification. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Cicero, E. C., Lett, E., Flatt, J. D., Benson, G. P., & Epps, F.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cicero, Ethan C
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology: Series B
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2023-01-23
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1051-1059
- ISSN
- 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5368
- PMC
- PMC10214655
- OpenAlex
- W4317779165
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG065452, R24AG066599, K01AG056669)
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- subjective cognitive decline, transgender adults, intersectionality, racial disparities, gender disparities, cognitive impairment, transphobia, racism, older adults, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Educational Status, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Odds Ratio, Cognitive Dysfunction, Transgender Persons
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