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Cited by 92Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNursing care and researchIntergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving

Caregiving Burden Among Caregivers of People With Dementia Through the Lens of Intersectionality

Open access
Liu, Ruotong, Chi, Iris, Wu, Shinyi·2022·The Gerontologist
DOI 10.1093/geront/gnab146
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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Caregivers may be at different risks of various types of burdens by virtue of their gender and racial/ethnic status. This article explores the differences in caregiving burdens across the intersectionality of race and gender. Research Design and Methods: Using Round 5 (conducted in 2015) and Round 7 (conducted in 2017) of National Study of Caregiving and National Health and Aging Trends Study data, the study examined differences in caregiver burdens across and within different gender and racial/ethnic groups, within the realms of financial, emotional, and physical burdens. The sample consisted of 1,206 caregivers who provided services to Medicare beneficiaries. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the 3 types of burdens each subgroup was experiencing. Results: Results indicated that within the intersectionality framework, compared to White female caregivers, Black male caregivers were 3.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77–6.22) more likely to experience financial burden, and Black female caregivers were 54% less likely to experience physical burden. Surprisingly, compared to White female caregivers, all the other groups were 37% (95% CI 0.41–0.95) to 71% (95% CI 0.15–0.56) less likely to have emotional burden. Discussion and Implications: The findings highlighted that Black male caregivers are experiencing financial burden and White female caregivers are experiencing emotional burden disproportionately. To develop effective interventions and programs for dementia caregivers, a special focus should be put on monitoring the differences in the types of burdens that the above-mentioned population subgroups experience.

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  • Black male dementia caregivers are 3.3 times more likely to experience financial burdens than Black female and White male and female dementia caregivers.

    “Black male dementia caregivers are 3.3 times more likely to experience financial burdens when compared with Black female and White male and female dementia caregivers, whereas Black and White male dementia caregivers are 37%-71% less likely than White female dementia caregivers to indicate emotional burden.422”

    From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [422]

    The Logistic Regression Results report 3.32 times higher odds of financial burden for Black male caregivers compared with White female caregivers. The paper does not establish that same 3.3-fold difference compared with Black female or White male caregivers; it reports no statistically significant differences among the other groups. (LLM, conf=0.92)

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  • Black male dementia caregivers are 3.3 times more likely to experience financial burdens when compared with Black female and White male and female dementia caregivers, whereas Black and White male dementia caregivers are 37% to 71% less likely than White female dementia caregivers to indicate emotional burden.

    “Black male dementia caregivers are 3.3 times more likely to experience financial burdens when compared with Black female and White male and female dementia caregivers, whereas Black and White male dementia caregivers are 37% to 71% less likely than White female dementia caregivers to indicate emotional burden.”

    From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [456]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Black and White male dementia caregivers are 37% to 71% less likely than White female dementia caregivers to report emotional burden.

    “Black male dementia caregivers are 3.3 times more likely to experience financial burdens when compared with Black female and White male and female dementia caregivers, whereas Black and White male dementia caregivers are 37%-71% less likely than White female dementia caregivers to indicate emotional burden.422”

    From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [422]

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2 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [4]4. Apesoa-Varano, E. C., Tang-Feldman, Y., Reinhard, S. C., Choula, R., & Young, H. M. (2015). Multi-cultural caregiving and caregiver interventions: A look back and a call for future ac- tion. Generations, 39(4), 39-48. doi:10.2307/26556160. https:// www.jstor.org/stable/26556160 · DOI
  2. [19]19. Cuádraz, G. H., & Uttal, L. (1999). Intersectionality and in-depth interviews: Methodological strategies for analyzing race, class, and gender. Race, Gender & Class, 6(3), 156-186. http://www. jstor.org/stable/41674900
  3. [56]56. Skolarus, L. E., Freedman, V. A., Feng, C., & Burke, J. F. (2017). African American stroke survivors: More caregiving time, but less caregiving burden. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 10(2), e003160. doi:10.1161/ CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003160

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Authors
Liu, R., Chi, I., & Wu, S.
Affiliations
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author
Liu, Ruotong
ORCID
Venue
The Gerontologist
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2021-10-04
Volume
62
Issue
5
Pages
650-661
ISSN
  • 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
  • 1758-5341
DOI
10.1093/geront/gnab146
OpenAlex
W3202933359
Cited by
92
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 4
FWCI
6.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
public-domain
Locations
  • The Gerontologist (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Keywords
caregiver burden, dementia caregivers, intersectionality, race and gender, financial burden, emotional burden, physical burden, racial disparities, gender disparities, Medicare beneficiaries
MeSH terms
Caregiver Burden, Intersectional Framework, Aged, Dementia, Female, Medicare, Humans, Male, United States, Caregivers

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