Making sense of epigenetics
Open accessAbstract
The gene-environment interactions that underlie development and progression of psychiatric illness are poorly understood. Despite a century of progress, genetic approaches have failed to identify new treatment modalities, perhaps because of the heterogeneity of the disorders and lack of understanding of mechanisms. Recent exploration into epigenetic mechanisms in health and disease has uncovered changes in DNA methylation and chromatin structure that may contribute to psychiatric disorders. Epigenetic changes suggest a variety of new therapeutic options due to their reversible chemistry. However, distinguishing causal links between epigenetic changes and disease from changes consequent to life experience has remained problematic. Here we define epigenetics and explore aspects of epigenetics relevant to causes and mechanisms of psychiatric disease, and speculate on future directions.
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“These changes to the DNA sequence include epigenetic mechanisms that are readily reversible spanning from DNA methylation, histone modi fi cations to non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodeling (3, 4).”
- Authors
- Schuebel, K., Gitik, M., Domschke, K., & Goldman, D.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goldman, David
- Venue
- International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-06-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- pyw058
- ISSN
- 1461-1457 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5111
- PMC
- PMC5137275
- OpenAlex
- W2421024948
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- epigenetics, mental illness, gene-environment interaction, DNA methylation, chromatin structure, epigenetic therapy, disease mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Humans, Pedigree, Phenotype, Risk Factors, DNA Methylation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Heredity, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene-Environment Interaction
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