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Cited by 281Viral Infections and Immunology ResearchVaccine Coverage and HesitancyVirology and Viral Diseases

Oral Poliovirus Vaccine: History of Its Development and Use and Current Challenge to Eliminate Poliomyelitis from the World

Sabin, A. B.·1985·Journal of Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/infdis/151.3.420
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Abstract

Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is like no other live virus vaccine used in humans: vaccine strains multiply extensively in the intestinal tract, are widely disseminated in the family and community, and immunize a large proportion of the unvaccinated population. During the search for optimal strains for vaccine use, motor neurons in the spinal cord of chimpanzees (and by extrapolation those of humans) were found to be much more resistant to polioviruses than those of monkeys; the reverse was true for the alimentary tract. Various biologic properties of polioviruses also varied quantitatively over a wide spectrum and were genetically distinct. The phenomenon of somewhat increased neurovirulence for monkeys, but not for chimpanzees, encountered in excreted virus was extensively studied in families, in children's homes, and finally among hundreds of thousands of susceptible children and adults in areas where only 50% of the susceptible population received OPV; these studies did not reveal evidence of danger. During the past 20 years approximately 5 million cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were probably prevented by OPV in predominantly temperate-climate countries inhabited by approximately 2 billion people. OPV has also been used less extensively and not optimally in many tropical and subtropical countries, where paralytic poliomyelitis is now known to be an important public health problem, with reduction in numbers of cases but not elimination of the disease except in some countries with better health services. Experience in Cuba during the past 21 years, in Brazil during the past 5 years, and in the Dominican Republic during the past 2 years has shown that the strategy of annual short-term vaccination of all children in the most susceptible age groups can rapidly eliminate the disease from tropical and subtropical countries.

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Authors
Sabin, A. B.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Sabin, A. B.
Venue
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1985-03-01
Volume
151
Issue
3
Pages
420-436
ISSN
  • 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6613
DOI
10.1093/infdis/151.3.420
OpenAlex
W2072115742
Cited by
281
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
FWCI
5.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
  • Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
Keywords
oral polio vaccine, poliomyelitis elimination, vaccine strain selection, neurovirulence, vaccine history
MeSH terms
Animals, Haplorhini, Pan troglodytes, Clinical Trials as Topic, Genes, Viral, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Motor Neurons, Poliomyelitis, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Tropical Climate, United States, Vaccination, Virulence, Poliovirus

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