Cited by 3,328Immune Response and InflammationInflammasome and immune disordersTuberculosis Research and Epidemiology

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Toll-like receptors in innate immunity

Takeda, K.·2004·International Immunology

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Abstract

Functional characterization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has established that innate immunity is a skillful system that detects invasion of microbial pathogens. Recognition of microbial components by TLRs initiates signal transduction pathways, which triggers expression of genes. These gene products control innate immune responses and further instruct development of antigen-specific acquired immunity. TLR signaling pathways are finely regulated by TIR domain-containing adaptors, such as MyD88, TIRAP/Mal, TRIF and TRAM. Differential utilization of these TIR domain-containing adaptors provides specificity of individual TLR-mediated signaling pathways. Several mechanisms have been elucidated that negatively control TLR signaling pathways, and thereby prevent overactivation of innate immunity leading to fatal immune disorders. The involvement of TLR-mediated pathways in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been proposed. Thus, TLR-mediated activation of innate immunity controls not only host defense against pathogens but also immune disorders.

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Authors: Takeda, K.
Affiliations: Kyushu University (JP)
Corresponding author: Takeda, K.
ORCID: Takeda, K.
Venue: International Immunology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2004-11-22
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-14
ISSN: 0953-8178 (ISSN-L)
1460-2377
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh186
OpenAlex: W2157339124
Cited by: 3,328
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 44 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 155 · 2018: 154 · 2017: 153 · 2016: 175 · 2015: 177 · 2014: 198 · 2013: 168 · 2012: 190
FWCI: 55.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: International Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Naito Foundation
Uehara Memorial Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Keywords: Toll-like receptors, innate immunity, TLR signaling pathways, MyD88, TRIF, tram, autoimmune disease, inflammatory diseases, host defense against infection
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacteria, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Infections, Membrane Glycoproteins, Phagocytosis, Phylogeny, Receptors, Cell Surface, Viruses, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors

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