Cocoa Products Decrease Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidative Susceptibility but Do Not Affect Biomarkers of Inflammation in Humans
Open accessAbstract
Flavonoids and related polyphenolics with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may play a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. We wished to determine the effects of cocoa extract supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Healthy subjects (n = 25) were studied at baseline, after cocoa supplementation (36.9 g of dark chocolate bar and 30.95 g of cocoa powder drink) for 6 wk and after a 6-wk washout period. Fasting blood and early morning urine were collected at the three time points. Two indices of flavonoid intake, total phenols and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of plasma, were measured after an overnight fast. Neither was affected by supplementation. Measures of oxidative stress included copper-catalyzed LDL oxidation kinetics and urinary F(2) isoprostanes. LDL oxidizability was lower after chocolate supplementation as evidenced by a longer lag time (P < 0.05) of conjugated diene formation (101.0 +/- 20.7 min) compared with baseline (91.3 +/- 18.0 min) and washout (96.4 +/- 7.5 min) phases. There was no effect of chocolate on urinary F(2) isoprostane levels or on markers of inflammation including the whole-blood cytokines, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and P-selectin. In conclusion, cocoa products supplementation in humans affects LDL oxidizability, but not urinary F(2) isoprostanes or markers of inflammation.
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In institutionalised elderly subjects with a mean age of 76 years, a combination of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 8×10^9 CFU of each per day for 28 days had no effect on serum TNF-α concentration.
“In a small study in institutionalised elderly subjects (mean age 76 years), there was no effect of the combination of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus (8 £ 10 9 colony forming units (CFU) of each/d for 28 d) on serum TNF-a concentration (828) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [828]
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- Authors
- Mathur, S., Grundy, S. M., Devaraj, S., & Jialal, I.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jialal, Ishwarlal
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3663-3667
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115292834
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K24AT000596)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- Theobroma cacao, dark chocolate, cocoa powder, flavonoids, polyphenols, LDL oxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, F2-isoprostanes, urinary biomarkers, cytokines, C-reactive protein, P-selectin, dietary supplementation, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Cacao, Humans, Inflammation, Lipoproteins, LDL, Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress
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