A Common Genetic Origin for Early Farmers from Mediterranean Cardial and Central European LBK Cultures
Open accessAbstract
The spread of farming out of the Balkans and into the rest of Europe followed two distinct routes: An initial expansion represented by the Impressa and Cardial traditions, which followed the Northern Mediterranean coastline; and another expansion represented by the LBK (Linearbandkeramik) tradition, which followed the Danube River into Central Europe. Although genomic data now exist from samples representing the second migration, such data have yet to be successfully generated from the initial Mediterranean migration. To address this, we generated the complete genome of a 7,400-year-old Cardial individual (CB13) from Cova Bonica in Vallirana (Barcelona), as well as partial nuclear data from five others excavated from different sites in Spain and Portugal. CB13 clusters with all previously sequenced early European farmers and modern-day Sardinians. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that both Cardial and LBK peoples derived from a common ancient population located in or around the Balkan Peninsula. The Iberian Cardial genome also carries a discernible hunter-gatherer genetic signature that likely was not acquired by admixture with local Iberian foragers. Our results indicate that retrieving ancient genomes from similarly warm Mediterranean environments such as the Near East is technically feasible.
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The dataset combines the newly reported ancient individuals with previously published ancient data to form a dataset of 281 ancient individuals.
“We combined our data with previously published ancient data7,8,9,10,8,10-15 to form a dataset of 281 ancient individuals.”
From Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Olalde, I., Schroeder, H., Sandoval-Velasco, M., Vinner, L., Lobón, I., Ramirez, O., Civit, S., García Borja, P., Salazar-García, D. C., Talamo, S., María Fullola, J., Xavier Oms, F., Pedro, M., Martínez, P., Sanz, M., Daura, J., Zilhão, J., Marquès-Bonet, T., Gilbert, M. T. P., & Lalueza-Fox, C.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (DE)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Biology and Evolution
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-09-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- msv181
- ISSN
- 0737-4038 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-1719
- PMC
- PMC4652622
- OpenAlex
- W2165515385
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 17.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Molecular Biology and Evolution (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundación BBVA
- European Commission (245743, 2007–2013, FP7 2007-2013, 319209, FP7/2007)
- National Research Foundation
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF94)
- Generalitat de Catalunya (HAR2011-26193, 2014/100639, grant 2014 SGR 464, 2014 SGR 464, 2014SGR)
- Eusko Jaurlaritza
- Generalitat Valenciana (APOSTD/2014/123)
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
- Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (HAR2011-26193)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Keywords
- Cardial culture, complete genome sequence, Near East
- MeSH terms
- Farmers, Agriculture, Base Sequence, Culture, DNA, Mitochondrial, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Humans, Italy, Spain, Genetic Variation, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Mediterranean Region, White People
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