CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 55Smoking Behavior and CessationMental Health Treatment and AccessSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Age at Smoking Onset and the Onset of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

Jamal, M., Does, A. J. W. V. d., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Cuijpers, P.·2011·Nicotine & Tobacco Research
DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr077
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a known risk indicator for depression and some of the anxiety disorders. No data are available on the role of age at smoking onset in the development of depression and anxiety disorders. We examined the association of smoking onset age on the onset age of depression and anxiety disorders. METHODS: Participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety Disorders who developed psychopathology after starting smoking were selected (N = 1,055). The dependent variable was the time to onset of psychopathology after starting smoking, and the independent variable was age at smoking onset. RESULTS: The time period between smoking onset and the onset of depression and/or anxiety disorders was 5 years shorter for early-onset smokers than for late-onset smokers. Moreover, a greater percentage of early-onset smokers than late-onset smokers had the first onset of psychopathology within the first 5 years after starting smoking. Age at smoking onset predicted age at psychopathology onset after controlling for the effects of gender, education, and childhood trauma. When separate analyses were done for depression and anxiety disorders, this pattern of results was found only for anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: A young age at smoking onset is associated with a shorter time to first onset of an anxiety disorder. This study with psychiatric patients extends previous findings in general population samples that smoking and depression and anxiety disorders are associated.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ntr/ntr077

Cites

98 of 98 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Jamal, M., Does, A. J. W. V. D., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Cuijpers, P.
Affiliations
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2011-05-04
Volume
13
Issue
9
Pages
809-819
ISSN
  • 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-994X
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntr077
OpenAlex
W2129303195
Cited by
55
References
98
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
2.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
smoking initiation age, depression, anxiety disorders, early smoking onset, time to onset, psychiatric patients, childhood trauma
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Smoking, Cohort Studies, Age of Onset, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review