Cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study of adolescents and young adults
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms have been shown to be related in previous research. This paper examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal sample of 688 adolescents and young adults through surveys conducted over 13 yr. The results indicate that a history of earlier cigarette smoking in adolescence predicts later depressive symptoms in the late twenties. The study also suggests that depressive symptoms during adolescence predict cigarette smoking in the late twenties but not above and beyond prior smoking. These results help clarify and expand current knowledge on the links between cigarette smoking and depression. The results point to several clinical implications for treatment of both cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms among both adolescents and young adults.
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Smoking during adolescence results in a fourfold increase in the likelihood of developing depressive symptoms later in life.
“smoking during adolescence results in a fourfold increase in the likelihood of developing depressive symptoms later in life (Brook, Schuster, & Zhang, 2004; Choi, Patten, Gillin, Kaplan, & Pierce, 1997; Goodman & Capitman, 2000; Wu & Anthony, 1999).”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Brook et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Brook, J. S., Schuster, E., & Zhang, C.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Barnard College (US)
- ORCID
- Zhang, Chenshu
- Venue
- Psychological Reports
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-166
- ISSN
- 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-691X
- OpenAlex
- W2085920159
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (03188)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA00244)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, depressive symptoms, adolescents, young adults, longitudinal trajectories
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, New York, Personality Assessment, Sampling Studies, Smoking, Comorbidity, Causality, Risk Assessment
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