Smoking withdrawal in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Dedert, E. A.; Calhoun, P. S.; Harper, L. A.; Dutton, C. E.; McClernon, F. J.; Beckham, J. C.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr142

Cited by 42Smoking Behavior and CessationPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Smoking withdrawal in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

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Dedert, E. A., Calhoun, P. S., Harper, L. A., Dutton, C. E., McClernon, F. J., Beckham, J. C.·2012·Nicotine & Tobacco Research

DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr142PMC PMC3281234

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Previous research on smoking withdrawal in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been limited by the use of retrospective and observational methods and has lacked repeated assessments on the first day of abstinence and evaluation of the conditioned effects of smoking. METHODS: Smokers with (n = 17; 59% female) and without (n = 30; 17% female) PTSD completed 3 randomly ordered experimental sessions using a 2 (group: PTSD vs. non-PTSD) × 3 (smoking condition: usual brand vs. nicotine free vs. no smoking) design. Before the smoking manipulation, participants completed self-report measures of smoking urges and withdrawal, followed by withdrawal assessment after the smoking manipulation. RESULTS: Compared with smokers without PTSD, smokers with PTSD exhibited higher craving (χ₁² = 16.60, p < .001) and habit withdrawal (χ₁² = 10.38, p = .001) following overnight abstinence. PTSD smokers also exhibited worsening negative affect throughout the morning when not smoking a cigarette (χ₁² = 11.30, p = .004). After smoking, smokers with PTSD reported diminished relief from craving (χ₁² = 6.49, p = .011), negative affect (χ₁² = 4.51, p = .034), arousal (χ₁² = 6.46, p = .011), and habit withdrawal (χ₁² = 7.22, p = .007), relative to smokers without PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this preliminary investigation suggested that after overnight abstinence, PTSD smokers experienced worse withdrawal symptoms and greater urges to smoke for both positive and negative reinforcement. Research on smoking withdrawal early in the course of smoking abstinence in PTSD could inform interventions targeting abstinence early in the quit attempt.

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PTSD patients showed lower rates of quitting, worse nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and shorter times to first smoking lapse than the non-PTSD population.
“PTSD patients also showed lower rates of quitting (Hapke et al., 2005; Lasser et al., 2000), suffered from worse nicotine withdrawal symptoms (Dedert et al., 2011), and as a result showed shorter times to first smoking lapse (Beckham, Calhoun, Dennis, Wilson, & Dedert, 2012) than non-PTSD population.”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Dedert et al., 2011
PTSD symptoms resurface during abstinence.
“they resurface during abstinence (Dedert et al., 2011).”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Dedert et al., 2011
Human studies suggest that smoking may alleviate symptoms associated with anxiety disorders, while nicotine abstinence worsens those symptoms and results in higher rates of reinitiation of smoking.
“While human studies suggest that smoking may alleviate the symptoms associated with anxiety disorders (Beckham et al., 2005; Feldner et al., 2007; Greenberg et al., 2012; Thorndike et al., 2006), nicotine abstinence worsens those symptoms (Dedert et al., 2011) and results in higher rates of reinitiation of smoking (Beckham et al., 2012; Hapke et al., 2005; Lasser et al., 2000).”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Dedert et al., 2011

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Authors: Dedert, E. A., Calhoun, P. S., Harper, L. A., Dutton, C. E., McClernon, F. J., & Beckham, J. C.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
ORCID: Dedert, E. A.
Calhoun, P. S.
Harper, L. A.
McClernon, F. J.
Beckham, J. C.
Venue: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2011-10-24
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Pages: 372-376
ISSN: 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
1469-994X
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr142
PMC: PMC3281234
OpenAlex: W2152749819
Cited by: 42
References: 25
Citations by year: 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k24da016388-10)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH62482, R01MH062482)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24-DA-016388, R21DA019704)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords: nicotine withdrawal, post-traumatic stress disorder, smoking urges, nicotine craving, smoking abstinence, negative affect, smoking cessation
MeSH terms: Adult, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Tobacco Use Disorder, Case-Control Studies, Smoking Cessation

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Smoking withdrawal in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

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