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Alcohol use among firefighters in the Central United States
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although the US National Fire Service is concerned about alcohol use among firefighters, little research has been conducted on the topic. AIMS: To survey alcohol use patterns among career and volunteer firefighters. METHODS: Data were from a population-based cohort study of male firefighters conducted in randomly selected career and volunteer departments. Data were collected from 2008 to 2010. RESULTS: There were 656 participants from 11 career and volunteer 13 departments included in the study with a response rate of 97%. Career firefighters drank approximately 10 days per month (just about half of their off duty days) and drank relatively heavily on those days. Fifty-eight per cent of career and 40% of volunteer firefighters averaged three or more drinks and similar percentages reported binge drinking on the days they consumed alcohol. In general, firefighters who drank but did not binge drink tended to have the best health outcomes, while those who binge drank typically were at highest risk of negative health outcomes. Nine per cent of career and 10% of volunteer firefighters who drank self-reported driving while intoxicated in the previous 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high rates of heavy and binge drinking, local and nationally coordinated efforts to increase the surveillance of drinking behaviour among firefighters and the development of targeted prevention interventions are critically needed.
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“between one-third and two-thirds of emergency responders report engaging in hazardous alcohol use, which is associated with each of these other mental health challenges and with sleep problems in this population (19–21).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Alcohol use disorder (AUD) among firefighters is estimated at approximately 50% [7], nearly twice that of the general population [8].”
From Mindful attention training workshop for firefighters: Design and methodology of a pilot randomized clinical trial (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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“The few studies that have considered mental disorders other than PTSD among emergency workers have suggested a similar pattern, with one study of fire-fighters reporting more than 40% engaged in hazardous drinking behaviours (Haddock et al., 2012).”
ResultDescribing the Mental Health Profile of First Responders: A Systematic Review
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“2013), alcohol use disorders (Carey et al. 2011; Haddock et al. 2012; Haddock et al. 2015), trauma and stressorrelated disorders (Berger et al.”
BackgroundStanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Hom, M. A., Kimbrel, N. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.037 · Cited by 152
An examination of the benefits of health promotion programs for the national fire service
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“[24] reported high prevalence of binge drinking (56%) and driving while intoxicated (9%) in a population-based sample of male career firefighters.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFirefighting and mental health: Experiences of repeated exposure to trauma
Jahnke, S. A., Poston, W. S. C., Haddock, C. K., & Murphy, B. (2016) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-162255 · Cited by 152
“Haddock and colleagues [16] found that 56% of career firefighters and 45% of volunteer firefighters in their population-based sample reported a binge drinking episode (5 or more drinks in a sitting) during the past 30 days, which is similar to that reported by Carey and associates (58%) [17] in their sample of career…”
Firefighter suicide: Understanding cultural challenges for mental health professionals.
Henderson, S. N., Van Hasselt, V. B., LeDuc, T. J., & Couwels, J. (2016) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000072 · Cited by 105
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“Driving while intoxicated was measured with the following item: “During the past 30 days, did you drive a car or other vehicle on any occasion when you perhaps had too much to drink?” Participants responded either “Yes” or “No” [47].”
MethodCorrelates of suicidality in firefighter/EMS personnel
Martin, C. E., Tran, J. K., & Buser, S. J. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.078 · Cited by 71
“This is a particularly salient correlate in the firefighter/EMS population, due to the increased risk for alcohol use (Carey et al., 2011; Haddock et al., 2012) among first responders who repeatedly make emergency response calls.”
BackgroundAlcohol Use and Problem Drinking among Women Firefighters
Haddock, C. K., Poston, W. S. C., Jahnke, S. A., & Jitnarin, N. (2017) · Women's Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2017.07.003 · Cited by 65
“…concerns identified in the literature on male firefighters is the disturbingly high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption and binge drinking (Carey, AlZaiti, Dean, Sessanna, & Finnell, 2011; Haddock et al., 2012; Haddock et al., 2015; Jahnke, Poston, & Haddock, 2014; PiazzaGardner et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSkeffington, P. M., Rees, C. S., & Mazzucchelli, T. (2017) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12120 · Cited by 64
“Fire and emergency service work has notably elevated alcohol use (Haddock et al., 2012); problematic alcohol use is commonly comorbid with PTSD diagnoses (McFarlane, 1998) and as such links between reported use of alcohol or other drugs as a coping strategy and PTSD symptoms may equally reflect an outcome of PTSD rath…”
BackgroundThe Relationship between Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Korean Firefighters
Yun, J.-A., Ahn, Y., Jeong, K.-S., Joo, E.-J., & Choi, K. (2015) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.201 · Cited by 61
Smith, L. J., Gallagher, M. W., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.09.001 · Cited by 56
Covariates of alcohol consumption among career firefighters
Piazza-Gardner, A. K., Barry, A. E., Chaney, E. H., Dodd, V. J. N., Weiler, R. M., & DeLisle, A. (2014) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqu124 · Cited by 55
“Two investigations have documented high alcohol consumption frequency and quantities: >80% were current drinkers and 56% reported binge drinking in the past month [1,2].”
BackgroundWorking hours, sleep, and fatigue in the public safety sector: A scoping review of the research
Allison, P., Tiesman, H. M., Wong, I. S., Bernzweig, D., James, L., James, S., Navarro, K. M., & Patterson, P. D. (2022) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.23407 · Cited by 65
Lebeaut, A., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106353 · Cited by 52
Zegel, M., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112633 · Cited by 48
Martin, C. E., Vujanovic, A. A., Paulus, D. J., Bartlett, B., Gallagher, M. W., & Tran, J. K. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.002 · Cited by 49
Milligan-Saville, J. S., Choi, I., Deady, M., Scott, P., Tan, L., Calvo, R. A., Bryant, R. A., Glozier, N., & Harvey, S. B. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.058 · Cited by 51
Women Firefighters’ Health and Well-Being: An International Survey
Watkins, E., Walker, A., Mol, E., Jahnke, S. A., & Richardson, A. (2019) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2019.02.003 · Cited by 42
Paulus, D. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Schuhmann, B. B., Smith, L. J., & Tran, J. K. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.011 · Cited by 39
Gallyer, A. J., Dougherty, S. P., Gai, A. R., Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Rogers, M. L., Duffy, M. E., Buchman‐Schmitt, J. M., Spencer‐Thomas, S., & Joiner, T. E. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.045 · Cited by 40
The nature of posttraumatic stress disorder in treatment-seeking first responders
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“, 2002), with evidence that as much as 40% of respondents in one study engaged in hazardous drinking behaviours (Haddock et al., 2012).”
BackgroundLebeaut, A., Zegel, M., Leonard, S. J., Bartlett, B. A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2020.1854411 · Cited by 30
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Providing Psychological Services to Firefighters
Vujanovic, A. A., & Tran, J. K. (2021) · Journal of Health Service Psychology · doi:10.1007/s42843-021-00041-6 · Cited by 33
Kim, J. I., Park, H., & Kim, J. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22803 · Cited by 33
Irizar, P., Puddephatt, J., Gage, S. H., Fallon, V., & Goodwin, L. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108858 · Cited by 30
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Smith, L. J., Bartlett, B. A., Tran, J. K., Gallagher, M. W., Alfano, C., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9955-0 · Cited by 25
Norms about alcohol use among US firefighters
Haddock, C. K., Jitnarin, N., Caetano, R., Jahnke, S. A., Hollerbach, B. S., Kaipust, C. M., & Poston, W. S. C. (2022) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2022.08.008 · Cited by 26
“Given that most career FFs work 24e72 hour shifts and at minimum 10 days per month where they are not allowed to drink, we defined level of use consist with previous fire service alcohol research [8,9].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationPennington, M. L., Cardenas, M. N., Nesbitt, K., Coe, E., Kimbrel, N. A., Zimering, R. T., & Gulliver, S. B. (2021) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000559 · Cited by 26
Zegel, M., Lebeaut, A., Healy, N. A., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211033517 · Cited by 26
“Further, firefighters demonstrate elevated rates of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD; Carey et al., 2011; Grant et al., 2015; Haddock et al., 2012, 2015; Piazza-Gardner et al., 2014), which may in part be due to using alcohol in an effort to cope with distressing PTSD symptoms (Lehavot…”
BackgroundBeckett, A., Scott, J. R., Chater, A., Ferrandino, L., & Aldous, J. W. F. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20196814 · Cited by 26
“Nonetheless, common risk factors include obesity, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet, which have all been shown to be highly prevalent issues among firefighters [47,52,53].”
BackgroundTobacco and alcohol use among firefighters during their first 3 years of service.
Gulliver, S. B., Zimering, R. T., Knight, J., Morissette, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., Meyer, E. C., Keane, T. M., Pennington, M. L., Denman, T. C., Carpenter, T., et al. (2018) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000366 · Cited by 28
Jeong, H. S., Park, S., Lim, S. M., Ma, J., Kang, I., Kim, J., Kim, E., Choi, Y. J., Lim, J.-H., Chung, Y., et al. (2017) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1271986 · Cited by 21
“%) of career firefighters reported binge drinking in the past month (Haddock et al., 2012), which is approximately double the rate of that of the population as a whole (Kanny, Liu, Brewer, & Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 2011).”
BackgroundHenderson, K. N., Killen, L. G., O'Neal, E. K., & Waldman, H. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18031105 · Cited by 21
Welch, A. E., Caramanica, K., McAteer, J. M., & Brackbill, R. M. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.034 · Cited by 20
Injury Correlates Among a National Sample of Women in the US Fire Service
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“Selfreported height, weight, and BMI have been found to be valid ht © 2020 American College of Occupational and Environmental 2020 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicin estimators in FFs.16 BMI was examined as a continuous variable in regression models.”
MethodInfluentialRogers, A. H., Zegel, M., Tran, J. K., Zvolensky, M. J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106415 · Cited by 20
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Cancer and Potential Prevention with Lifestyle among Career Firefighters: A Narrative Review
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“Moreover, more attention should be paid to improving sleep hygiene and limiting alcohol consumption since, as already stated, both are associated with cancer development [63,64]”
BackgroundColbeth, H., Zeig‐Owens, R., Hall, C. B., Webber, M. P., Schwartz, T. M., & Prezant, D. J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176266 · Cited by 16
Lebeaut, A., Leonard, S. J., Healy, N. A., Raines, A. M., Buser, S. J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211016819 · Cited by 16
“…were expected above and beyond the variance accounted for by commonly co-occurring psychological symptoms among firefighters, namely alcohol use (Haddock et al., 2012) and depression (Chiu et al., 2011; Tak et al., 2007), and the theoretically relevant covariates of trauma load (i.e., number of…”
BackgroundMeyer, E. C., Coe, E., Pennington, M. L., Cammarata, C., Kimbrel, N. A., Ostiguy, W., Leto, F., & Gulliver, S. B. (2024) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.08.004 · Cited by 15
Chiang, E. S., Riordan, K. M., Ponder, J., Johnson, C., & Cox, K. S. (2020) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2020.1728494 · Cited by 15
“Haddock et al. (2012), for instance, found that over half (56”
BackgroundMeyer, E. C., Zimering, R. T., Knight, J., Morissette, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., Coe, E., Carpenter, T. P., Keane, T. M., Kimbrel, N. A., & Gulliver, S. B. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22632 · Cited by 15
Understanding mental health among military veterans in the fire service
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Alcohol use and mental health symptoms in female firefighter recruits
Gulliver, S. B., Zimering, R. T., Dobani, F., Pennington, M. L., Morissette, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., Knight, J., Keane, T. M., Kimbrel, N. A., Carpenter, T. P., et al. (2019) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqaa015 · Cited by 17
“[6] surveyed alcohol use patterns among career and volunteer firefighters and found that alcohol use and binge drinking occurred at high rates.”
BackgroundMethodViolence at Work and Mental Distress among Firefighters in Guatemala
Pinto, C. M., Radon, K., & van Dijk, F. J. H. (2018) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.29024/aogh.2306 · Cited by 16
“Alcohol dependence and other substance abuse might be associated with sleeping disorders, high job demands and low job control, and depression in firefighters [10, 12, 13, 15].”
BackgroundJahnke, S. A., Watson, P., Leto, F., Jitnarin, N., Kaipust, C. M., Hollerbach, B. S., Haddock, C. K., Poston, W. S. C., & Gist, R. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20227067 · Cited by 14
Brice, J. H., Cyr, J. M., Hnat, A. T., Wei, T. L., Principe, S., Thead, S. E., Delbridge, T. R., Winslow, J. E., Studnek, J. R., Fernandez, A. R., et al. (2018) · Prehospital Emergency Care · doi:10.1080/10903127.2018.1489017 · Cited by 14
The impact of changing work schedules on American firefighters’ sleep patterns and well-being
Caputo, L. M., Salottolo, K., Gosche, E. E., Hawkes, A. P., Vellman, P. W., Lange, N. R., Coniglio, R. A., & Mains, C. W. (2015) · Signa Vitae · doi:10.22514/sv101.042015.3 · Cited by 14
Igboanugo, S., & Mielke, J. G. (2023) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2023.2255026 · Cited by 17
“Unfortunately, problematic alcohol use is prevalent among fi re fi ghters; for instance, Haddock et al. (Haddock et al., 2012) and Piazza-Gardner et al. (Piazza-Gardner et al., 2014) both revealed high levels of binge-drinking over the past month (56%, n = 656 and 34%, n = 160, respectively).”
BackgroundAlcohol use in firefighters: A network model of behaviors and transdiagnostic risk
Karnick, A. T., Buerke, M. L., Caulfield, N. M., Trussell, D., Capron, D. W., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109677 · Cited by 13
Mortality Among Firefighters in Spain: 10 Years of Follow-up
Zhao, G., Erazo, B., Ronda, E., Brocal, F., & Regidor, E. (2020) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxaa036 · Cited by 13
Korre, M., Smith, D. L., & Kales, S. N. (2018) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqy019 · Cited by 13
Alves, S., Vaz, J. A., & Fernandes, A. M. P. D. S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20053862 · Cited by 11
“Adding to this, and despite the small evidence produced, researchers found that firefighters tend to turn to substance abuse and alcoholism as a short-term way to cope with occupational struggles [53].”
BackgroundA Behavioral-Analytic Model for Assessing Stress in Firefighters
Schuhmann, B. B., Henderson, S. N., Black, R. A., Hasselt, V. B. V., Klimley, K. E., Masias, E. V., & LeDuc, T. J. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445520986137 · Cited by 15
“For example, Haddock et al. (2012) found that nearly 50% of career and volunteer firefighters reported binge drinking in a 1-month period.”
BackgroundVujanovic, A. A., Lebeaut, A., Zegel, M., & Buser, S. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100905 · Cited by 10
Leonard, S. J., McGrew, S. J., Lebeaut, A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2023.2260324 · Cited by 10
“…hazardous alcohol use ( i.e., consuming more than 4 drinks on any day or more than 14 drinks per week for men and consuming more than 3 drinks on any day or more than 7 drinks per week for women) in firefighters have been documented to be as high as 61% (Haddock et al., 2012; Meyer et al., 2022).”
BackgroundPerceptions of Alcohol use among US Firefighters
Jahnke, S. A., Poston, W. S. C., & Christopher, K. K. (2014) · Cited by 10
Caban-Martinez, A. J., Kropa, B., Niemczyk, N., Moore, K. J., Baum, J. L. R., Solle, N. S., Sterling, D. A., & Kobetz, E. N. (2017) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2017.12.003 · Cited by 10
Alcohol use among Norwegian workers: associations with health and well-being
Nielsen, M. B., Gjerstad, J., & Frone, M. R. (2018) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqy014 · Cited by 9
Welch, A. E., Caramanica, K., Liao, T. S., Yip, J., Davidson, A., Jordan, H. T., Brackbill, R. M., & Cone, J. E. (2018) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001384 · Cited by 8
Behavioral and Occupational Health in Military Firefighters: An Understudied Population
Moore, B. A., Judkins, J. L., Dyal, M.-A. A., Schlenk, M., Meyer, E. C., Straud, C. L., Mysliwiec, V., Peterson, A. L., & Baker, M. T. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211033515 · Cited by 9
“A study by Haddock et al. (2012) found that 56% of surveyed career and volunteer firefighters selfreported problems with alcohol consumption.”
BackgroundPrevalence and implications of gambling problems among firefighters
Cowlishaw, S., Little, J., Sbisa, A. M., McFARLANE, A. C., Hooff, M. V., Lawrence‐Wood, E., O'Donnell, M. L., Hinton, M., Sadler, N., Savic, A., et al. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106326 · Cited by 8
Health Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Firefighters
Poston, W. S. C., Haddock, C. K., Jahnke, S. A., Jitnarin, N., Day, R. S., & Daniels, I. D. (2014) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · Cited by 8
Schuman, D. L., Yockey, R. A., Ponder, W. N., & Carbajal, J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.167 · Cited by 7
Alcohol Use Severity, Anger and Drinking Motives among Firefighters
Miloslavich, K., Leonard, S. J., Wardle, M. C., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2177113 · Cited by 6
“Firefighters represent a unique and understudied population with high rates of alcohol use and misuse compared to the general population (Grant et al., 2015; Haddock et al., 2012, 2022; Tomaka et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMackay, L. M., Campbell, J. L., Darby, J., Prendergast, K. B., & Schofield, G. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152595 · Cited by 8
Weight loss advice and prospective weight change among overweight firefighters
Brown, A. L., Poston, W. S. C., Jahnke, S. A., Haddock, C. K., Luo, S., Delclos, G. L., & Day, R. S. (2016) · International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/10773525.2016.1207045 · Cited by 6
Lifestyle behaviours and perceived well-being in different fire service roles
Turner, P. J. F., Siddall, A. G., Stevenson, R. D. M., Standage, M., & Bilzon, J. (2018) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqy110 · Cited by 6
“Alcohol consumption has been observed previously as a coping strategy for the psychological demands of emergency response work (29).”
BackgroundKwon, J., Park, S., Lee, C. G., Song, W. J., Seo, D.-I., Park, J.-J., Lee, H.-J., Kang, H. J., & Ahn, Y. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165913 · Cited by 5
Sharman, M. J., Jose, K., Venn, A., Banks, S., Ayton, J. E., & Cleland, V. J. (2019) · BMC Obesity · doi:10.1186/s40608-019-0239-3 · Cited by 5
Comparing post-traumatic stress severity in professional and volunteer Australian firefighters
Counson, I., Sanatkar, S., Knight, A., Lawrence, D. M., & Harvey, S. B. (2023) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqad088 · Cited by 4
Henderson, E. L. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1779152 · Cited by 5
“…Spittal, Pirkis, & Lamontagne, 2016; Stanley, Hom, & Joiner, 2016; Tiesman et al., 2015), and subsequent negative coping mechanisms like substance use disorders (Haddock et al., 2012; Paulus, Vujanovic, Schuhmann, Smith, & Tran, 2017) all of which may lead to suicide (Van Orden et al., 2010).”
BackgroundDobani, F., Pennington, M. L., Coe, E., Morrison, P., & Gulliver, S. B. (2019) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9803-9.ch011 · Cited by 3
Firefighter Well-Being Defined and Operationalized at the Organizational and Worker Level
Kling, H. E., Maldonado, L., George, S. M. S., Brannan, D., Murphy, L. A., Solle, N. S., Kobetz, E. N., & Caban-Martinez, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002685 · Cited by 3
“In a national cohort of US career firefighters, researchers documented that approximately 85% of firefighters report drinking alcohol, and approximately 58% averaged 3 or more drinks when they drank over the past 30 days.(17) Firefighters consider themselves at very high risk for chronic diseases, such as heart diseas…”
BackgroundJitnarin, N., Haddock, C. K., Kaipust, C. M., Poston, W. S. C., & Jahnke, S. A. (2023) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire6050183 · Cited by 3
Alcohol Misuse and Correlates with Mental Health Indicators among Firefighters
Rotunda, R. J., Herzog, J. R., Dillard, D. R., King, E. A., & Wilson, K. O. (2024) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2024.2422975 · Cited by 3
“Haddock et al. (2012) reported that 61% of the firefighters they sampled were problematic alcohol users.”
Casanova, M. P., Nelson, M. C., & Baker, R. T. (2020) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2020.1761509 · Cited by 3
“Further, firefighters are at an elevated risk for alcohol and binge drinking behavior (Haddock et al., 2012; Tomaka et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMeyer, E. C., Roth, S. G., Coe, E., Taylor, D. J., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Health Services · doi:10.3389/frhs.2025.1452976 · Cited by 2
Illicit Prescription Opioid Use Among U.S. Firefighters
Suminski, R. R., Jr., Jahnke, S. A., Jitnarin, N., Kaipust, C. M., Haddock, C. K., & Poston, W. S. C. (2025) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire8030112 · Cited by 2
“The most concerning alcohol-related behaviors reported by both career and volunteer firefighters were arriving to work intoxicated, engaging in physical altercations, neglecting responsibilities, and driving after consuming four drinks [53,54].”
Alcohol Consumption, Physical Activity, and CAD Risk Factors in Firefighters
Ras, J., & Leach, L. L. (2022) · The Open Public Health Journal · doi:10.2174/18749445-v15-e221026-2022-73 · Cited by 2
Mental Health Issues in the Fire Service
Buser, S. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38149-2_2 · Cited by 2
Hazardous alcohol use and cardiometabolic risk among firefighters
Levitt, D. E., Wohlgemuth, K. J., Burnham, E. F., Conner, M. J., Collier, J. J., & Mota, J. A. (2025) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15517 · Cited by 2
Miller, A., Jahnke, S. A., & Singh, K. P. (2021) · International Journal of Emergency Services · doi:10.1108/ijes-01-2021-0003 · Cited by 2
Sleep Deprivation and the Health of Firefighters
Bender, B. F. (2018) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota) · Cited by 2
Williamson, G., Khatun, T., King, K., Simms, A., Dymond, S., Goodwin, L., Carr, E., Fear, N. T., Murphy, D., & Leightley, D. (2026) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001154 · Cited by 2
“A study of 656 US firefighters found that 58% of career and 40% of volunteer fire-fighters reported recent heavy drinking or binge drinking [16].”
Plaitano, E. G., Frumkin, M. R., Jacobson, N. C., Gray, J. J., Panchal, A. R., Watson, P., & Marsch, L. A. (2026) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-026-00201-w · Cited by 1
Lubina, K. A., Rivera‐Núñez, Z., Calkins, M. M., Laumbach, R. J., Lu, S., Burgess, J. L., Austin, E., Edwards, D. L., Koeppel, M. D. H., Goodrich, J. M., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.70104 · Cited by 1
Garmezy, L. B. (2019) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9803-9.ch002 · Cited by 1
Binge Drinking Among Public Sector Food Service Workers in Brazil
Costa, B. V. D. L., Assunção, A. Á., Santos, J. E., da Silva, L. A. F., Ramos, S. A., & Lima, E. D. P. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002382 · Cited by 1
Weight Status and Binge Drinking Among Male and Female Florida Firefighters
Kling, H. E., Koru‐Sengul, T., Solle, N. S., Feliciano, P. L., Lee, D. J., Kobetz, E. N., & Caban-Martinez, A. J. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002894 · Cited by 1
“Copyright © 2023 American College of Occupational and Environment drinking episode within the last month.(2) These drinking rates are higher than US adults of whom 29.”
InfluentialMeyer, E. C., Farchione, T. J., Kimbrel, N. A., Kwok, O., Pennington, M. L., Rostockyj, J. A., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101537 · Cited by 2
“%) of career FFs report problematic alcohol use [10,11].”
Perturbação de stress pós-traumático em bombeiros: prevenção e intervenção
Vara, N., Faria, S., Fonseca, S. M., & Queirós, C. M. L. (2021) · RISCOS - Associação Portuguesa de Riscos, Prevenção e Segurança eBooks · doi:10.34037/978-989-9053-06-9_1.2_34 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Haddock, C. K., Jahnke, S. A., Poston, W. S. C., Jitnarin, N., Kaipust, C. M., Tuley, B., & Hyder, M. L.
- Affiliations
- National Development and Research Institutes (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haddock, C. K.
- Venue
- Occupational Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-10-12
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 661-664
- ISSN
- 0962-7480 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-8405
- OpenAlex
- W2097824645
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Occupational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, firefighters, binge drinking, heavy drinking, career firefighters, volunteer firefighters, drunk driving, occupational health, alcohol prevention interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Colorado, Humans, Male, Midwestern United States, Cohort Studies, Firefighters, Binge Drinking
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