The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Too Much of a Good Thing? Trade-offs in Promotion and Prevention Focus
Abstract
Different kinds of motivational orientations provide distinctive ways of perceiving the world, dealing with life's inevitable slings and arrows, regulating challenges and opportunities, and creating success. In this chapter, we explore these differences in the two motivational systems outlined in regulatory focus theory: the promotion and prevention systems (Higgins, 1997). In particular, we discuss these systems in terms of the trade-offs in each; what are the benefits and costs of a strong promotion focus? What are the advantages and drawbacks of a strong prevention focus? We explore the trade-offs of each system with regard to three significant aspects of self-regulation and motivation: emotional experiences, the balance between commitment versus exploration, and performance. We conclude by discussing the importance of constraints on these systems for effective self-regulation and by suggesting avenues for future research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Theorists suggest that social anxiety activates a prevention system where people pursue safety and avoid unwanted outcomes while also inhibiting a promotion system where people pursue rewards and strive toward the fulfillment of hopes and aspirations”
From Commitment to a purpose in life: An antidote to the suffering by individuals with social anxiety disorder. (2013) · cites this paper as Scholer & Higgins, 2012
Citations
Cites
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
(2022) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(22)x0002-6 · Cited by 22,559
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446
(1999) · Cited by 7,995
Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect.
Higgins, E. T. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.3.319 · Cited by 7,219
Self-citationHiggins, E. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280 · Cited by 6,775
Self-citationCognitive Therapy of Depression
HOLLON, S. D., & BECK, A. T. (1979) · Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404480-7.50012-5 · Cited by 4,685
Making a good decision: Value from fit.
Higgins, E. T. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.11.1217 · Cited by 2,053
Self-citation(1973) · Cited by 2,004
Regulatory Focus and Strategic Inclinations: Promotion and Prevention in Decision-Making
Crowe, E., & Higgins, E. T. (1997) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1996.2675 · Cited by 1,990
Self-citationLockwood, P., Jordan, C. H., & Kunda, Z. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.854 · Cited by 1,749
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 124 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Bohns,, 2011, When opposites fit: Increased relationship well-being from partner complementarity in regulatory focus.
- Choi,, 1999, The model of followers' responses to self-sacrificial leadership: An empirical test., The Leadership Quarterly
- Fulmer,, 2010, On “feeling right” in cultural contexts: How person-culture match affects self-esteem and subjective well-being., Psychological Science
- Higgins, E. T. (1999). Persons or situations: Unique explanatory principles or variability in general principles? In D. Cervone & Y. Shoda (Eds.), The coherence of personality: Social-cognitive bases of consistency, variability, and organization (pp. 61–93). New York: Guilford Press.
- Higgins,, 1992, Self-discrepancies and biographical memory: Personality and cognition at the level of psychological situation., Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Idson,, 2000, How current feedback and chronic effectiveness influence motivation: Everything to gain versus everything to lose., European Journal of Social Psychology
- Jain,, 2007, For better of for worse? Valenced comparative frames and regulatory focus., Journal of Consumer Research
- Molden, D. C., & Higgins, E. T. (2005). Motivated thinking. In K. Holyoak and B. Morrison (Eds.), Handbook of thinking and reasoning (pp. 295–320). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Koopman, J., Lanaj, K., & Scott, B. A. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0262 · Cited by 637
The Role of Metamotivational Monitoring in Motivation Regulation
Miele, D. B., & Scholer, A. A. (2017) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2017.1371601 · Cited by 241
Self-citationNew Directions in Self-Regulation: The Role of Metamotivational Beliefs
Scholer, A. A., Miele, D. B., Murayama, K., & Fujita, K. (2018) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721418790549 · Cited by 190
Self-citationRegulatory Focus and Fit Effects in Organizations
Higgins, E. T., & Pinelli, F. (2020) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-045404 · Cited by 161
Self-citationBusiness model innovation and organizational resilience: towards an integrated conceptual framework
Buliga, O., Scheiner, C. W., & Voigt, K. (2015) · Journal of Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11573-015-0796-y · Cited by 152
Metadata
- Authors
- Scholer, A. A., & Higgins, E. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2012-09-18
- Pages
- 65-84
- OpenAlex
- W1956811933
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 11.49
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- promotion focus, prevention focus, regulatory focus, motivational orientation, self-regulation, motivation, emotional experience, performance, trade-offs
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review