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Too Much of a Good Thing? Trade-offs in Promotion and Prevention Focus
Abstract
Different kinds of motivational orientations provide distinctive ways of perceiving the world, dealing with life's inevitable slings and arrows, regulating challenges and opportunities, and creating success. In this chapter, we explore these differences in the two motivational systems outlined in regulatory focus theory: the promotion and prevention systems (Higgins, 1997). In particular, we discuss these systems in terms of the trade-offs in each; what are the benefits and costs of a strong promotion focus? What are the advantages and drawbacks of a strong prevention focus? We explore the trade-offs of each system with regard to three significant aspects of self-regulation and motivation: emotional experiences, the balance between commitment versus exploration, and performance. We conclude by discussing the importance of constraints on these systems for effective self-regulation and by suggesting avenues for future research.
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“Theorists suggest that social anxiety activates a prevention system where people pursue safety and avoid unwanted outcomes while also inhibiting a promotion system where people pursue rewards and strive toward the fulfillment of hopes and aspirations”
From Commitment to a purpose in life: An antidote to the suffering by individuals with social anxiety disorder. (2013) · cites this paper as Scholer & Higgins, 2012
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- Idson,, 2000, How current feedback and chronic effectiveness influence motivation: Everything to gain versus everything to lose., European Journal of Social Psychology
- Jain,, 2007, For better of for worse? Valenced comparative frames and regulatory focus., Journal of Consumer Research
- Molden, D. C., & Higgins, E. T. (2005). Motivated thinking. In K. Holyoak and B. Morrison (Eds.), Handbook of thinking and reasoning (pp. 295–320). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Koopman, J., Lanaj, K., & Scott, B. A. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0262 · Cited by 637
The Role of Metamotivational Monitoring in Motivation Regulation
Miele, D. B., & Scholer, A. A. (2017) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2017.1371601 · Cited by 241
Self-citationNew Directions in Self-Regulation: The Role of Metamotivational Beliefs
Scholer, A. A., Miele, D. B., Murayama, K., & Fujita, K. (2018) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721418790549 · Cited by 190
Self-citationRegulatory Focus and Fit Effects in Organizations
Higgins, E. T., & Pinelli, F. (2020) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-045404 · Cited by 161
Self-citationBusiness model innovation and organizational resilience: towards an integrated conceptual framework
Buliga, O., Scheiner, C. W., & Voigt, K. (2015) · Journal of Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11573-015-0796-y · Cited by 152
Metadata
- Authors
- Scholer, A. A., & Higgins, E. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2012-09-18
- Pages
- 65-84
- OpenAlex
- W1956811933
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 11.49
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- promotion focus, prevention focus, regulatory focus, motivational orientation, self-regulation, motivation, emotional experience, performance, trade-offs
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