RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS DISEASE IN INFANTS DESPITE PRIOR ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIGENIC INACTIVATED VACCINE12
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In animal models of other coronaviruses and prior inactivated RSV or measles vaccines, VAERD is usually linked to Th2-biased CD4+ responses with elevated IL-4, IL-5, or IL-13.
“In animal models of infections with other coronaviruses and for previous whole-cell inactivated vaccines developed for respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus, VAERD has usually been associated with the development of T helper 2 cell (TH2 cell)-biased CD4+ T cell responses, with significantly increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and/or IL-13 (refs12,126,165–174).”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [168]
In 1968, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine candidate caused vaccine-associated enhanced disease in children, triggering excessive eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs, resulting in severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia in 80% of the vaccinated children and two fatalities.
“In 1968, for example, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine candidate caused vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED) in children. This response triggered excessive eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs, resulting in severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia in 80% of the vaccinated children and two fatalities172.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [172]
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- Authors
- KIM, H. W., CANCHOLA, J. G., BRANDT, C. D., PYLES, G., CHANOCK, R. M., JENSEN, K., & PARROTT, R. H.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1969-04
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 422-434
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2123817481
- Cited by
- 1,981
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 11.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- respiratory syncytial virus, infants, inactivated vaccine, vaccine failure
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Antibodies, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Child, Preschool, Complement Fixation Tests, Disease Outbreaks, District of Columbia, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Methods, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Population Surveillance, Residence Characteristics, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Respiratory Tract Infections, Vaccination, Viral Vaccines, Respirovirus, Culture Techniques
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