Mindfulness and Acceptance–Based Interventions in Physical Therapist Practice: The Time Is Now
Open accessAbstract
One in 5 adults in the United States lives with a mental illness, and many more struggle with stress-related chronic illnesses. Physical therapists often see the physical effects that stress has on the body, but there is an underutilization of evidence-based stress management strategies with patients and clients. Mindfulness and acceptance–based interventions (MABIs) constitute a family of methods that emphasize present-moment awareness, nonjudgment, and values-based living. They operate by teaching patients to cope with stressful thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations. MABIs are associated with improved health outcomes in areas commonly seen in physical therapist practice, including health promotion, physical function, injury prevention, pain management, immune function, and noncommunicable diseases. The purpose of this Perspective article is to (1) describe MABIs; (2) discuss the relevance of MABIs to physical therapist practice; (3) discuss the positive impact of MABIs for pain, sports, immune function, physical and mental health promotion, and wellness; and (4) identify MABI outcome measures related to health behavior change. It is time. Impact: Contemporary practice requires that physical therapists manage patient care by addressing both the mind and body. Given the existing research on MABIs, it is time to translate the evidence into minimum accreditable standards for health promotion and prevention of chronic, noncommunicable disease. This approach would have far-reaching benefits for individuals, family units, communities, and society as a whole. Lay Summary: Mindfulness instruction delivered by a physical therapist can help improve physical and mental well-being.
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ACT produces clinical improvements in pain interference and intensity, anxiety and depression, disability, quality of life, and promotion of physical activity.
“Several specific measures with clinical improvements after ACT include: pain (interference, and intensity), anxiety and depression, disability, quality of life, and for promotion of physical activity.22,37-39”
From Remotely Delivered Psychologically Informed Mindful Movement Physical Therapy for Pain Care: A Framework for Operationalization (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
In “MABIs and Chronic Pain” (page unavailable), the paper reports improvements in pain-related outcomes, anxiety, depression, and physical function for mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions as a group. In “Psychologically Informed Practice, Health Behavior Change, and MABI Assessment Tools” (page unavailable), it reports better functioning after ACT-informed physical therapy for adults with chronic low back pain. It does not establish the full list of clinical improvements specifically for ACT, including pain interference and intensity, quality of life, and promotion of physical activity. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAcceptance of the present moment as it is empowers a person to experience the fullness of the present moment and to change their relationship to distressing thoughts or emotions rather than trying to control or avoid these stimuli.
“Acceptance of the present moment “as it is” empowers the person to experience the fullness of the present moment and to change one’s relationship to distressing thoughts or emotions—rather than trying to control, or avoid these stimuli.37,41,42”
From Remotely Delivered Psychologically Informed Mindful Movement Physical Therapy for Pain Care: A Framework for Operationalization (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an evidence-based therapy shown to be feasible, acceptable, and with a growing evidence base for addressing key measures for a pain intervention.
“ACT is an EBT shown to be feasible, acceptable, and with a growing evidence base for addressing key measures for a pain intervention.”
From Remotely Delivered Psychologically Informed Mindful Movement Physical Therapy for Pain Care: A Framework for Operationalization (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
Mindfulness-based interventions teach ways to observe and accept rather than avoid or suppress various body, mind, and environmental stimuli with a present-moment, open, nonjudgmental attitude.
“Mindfulness based interventions can vary in content and structure, however at their core they teach the person ways to observe and accept (rather than to avoid or suppress) the various body, mind, environmental stimuli with a present-moment, open, nonjudgmental attitude.”
From Remotely Delivered Psychologically Informed Mindful Movement Physical Therapy for Pain Care: A Framework for Operationalization (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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Long-Term Physical Exercise and Mindfulness Practice in an Aging Population
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Interoception and Emotion: A Potential Mechanism for Intervention With Manual Treatment
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From the National Institutes of Health
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Physiotherapy in Psychiatric Conditions
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Tatta, J., Willgens, A. M., & Palombaro, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Integrative Pain Science Institute , New York, New York, USA
- Temple University (US)
- Widener University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tatta, Joe
- Venue
- Physical Therapy
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2022-01-03
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 0031-9023 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-6724
- OpenAlex
- W4206072266
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- mindfulness, acceptance and commitment therapy, stress management, physiotherapy practice, pain management, immune function, health promotion, non-communicable disease prevention, health behavior change, wellness, chronic stress
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Health Promotion, Humans, United States, Health Behavior, Physical Therapists, Mindfulness
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