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The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population
Open accessAbstract
As a result of the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the Chinese city of Wuhan, a situation of socio-economic crisis and profound psychological distress rapidly occurred worldwide. Various psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health including stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, uncertainty during COVID-19 outbreak emerged progressively. This work aimed to comprehensively review the current literature about the impact of COVID-19 infection on the mental health in the general population. The psychological impact of quarantine related to COVID-19 infection has been additionally documented together with the most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to COVID-19 outbreak. The role of risk and protective factors against the potential to develop psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals has been addressed as well. The main implications of the present findings have been discussed.
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“Factors such as a previous psychiatric diagnosis, isolation, financial distress, hopelessness, loneliness and uncertainty due to COVID-19 outbreaks can also increase the risk of psychiatric conditions and suicide.(Killgore et al., 2020a; Serafini et al., 2020; Xin et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2012)”
From Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: a global cross-sectional survey (2021) · cites this paper as Serafini et al., 2020
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“In contrast, resilience and perception of social support can be protective against psychiatric disorders.(Serafini et al., 2020)”
From Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: a global cross-sectional survey (2021) · cites this paper as Serafini et al., 2020
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“This has led to a steep reduction in social contact which is likely to have increased experiences of loneliness and may have increased psychological distress (Barari et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Ellis et al., 2020).”
From Loneliness, social relationships, and mental health in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Serafini et al., 2020
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A Rasch analysis of the fear of coronavirus-19 scale in South Africa
Peral, S. L., Morgan, B., & Redelinghuys, K. (2021) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1861 · Cited by 1
“There is also evidence that throughout 2020, people experienced more negative emotions and fewer positive emotions because of coronavirus-19 (Arora et al., 2020; Li, Wang, Xue, Zhao, & Zhu, 2020; Serafini et al, 2020).”
BackgroundÁngel, N. G., Rubio, I. M., & Góngora, D. P. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología · doi:10.17060/ijodaep.2021.n1.v2.2111 · Cited by 1
Roble, D. B., Lomibao, L. S., & Maglipong, M. V. J. V. (2021) · Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação · doi:10.20952/revtee.v14i33.16066 · Cited by 1
The Role of Technology in Anxiety and Depression during the COVID Pandemic
Park, H. (2021) · Eximia · Cited by 1
Ab, N., Mohd, R. H., & Kadir, N. B. A. (2021) · Makara Journal of Health Research · doi:10.7454/msk.v25i2.1265 · Cited by 1
Perfil de Usuarios de Una Clínica Universitaria Durante El Estado de Alarma Sanitaria COVID 19
García, P. S., Saúl, L. Á., Carrasco, M. Á., & González-Brignardello, M. P. (2021) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.18.1.29867 · Cited by 1
When loss hurts: Psychobiological basis of frustration
Torres, C., Morillo-Rivero, L. E., & Papini, M. R. (2021) · Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology · doi:10.30849/ripijp.v55i2.1443 · Cited by 1
Benzies, K., Perry, R. L., & Williams, J. C. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13615 · Cited by 1
“Other negative impacts include fears related to virus exposure, financial losses, frustration, loneliness, and social isolation (Khan et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020; Vigo et al., 2020).”
BackgroundChanging of Health Anxiety in Disadvantaged Population During the Pandemic
Rucska, A., & Lakatos, C. (2021) · European Journal of Natural Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.26417/736ipd29g · Cited by 1
“In the last one and the half year, several studies and statements have dealt with the effects of COVID-19 on physical health (Cao & Li, 2020, Lvov et al., 2020) and mental well-being (Brooks et al., 2020, Csikós et al., 2020, Pfefferbaum & North, 2020, Serafini et al., 2020).”
BackgroundBeitzell, E., Podduturi, P., Hook, M., Jones, A., McKeen, H., & Liss, M. (2021) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2104053 · Cited by 1
“Quarantine mandates worldwide have produced nonspecific and uncontrollable fears related to infection, pervasive anxiety, frustration and boredom, disabling loneliness, and in some cases suicidal behaviors [2, 3].”
Sasaki, N. S. G. M. D. S., Louvison, M. C. P., Pancote, C. G., Santos, M. D. L. S. G., Ferraz, A. A., da Silva, A. C., Monteiro, E., & Kalache, A. (2021) · MOJ Gerontology & Geriatrics · doi:10.15406/mojgg.2021.06.00274 · Cited by 1
Covid-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Mental Health
Audina, T. (2021) · Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding · doi:10.53947/miphmp.v1i1.53 · Cited by 1
The Psychological Impact of COVID-19
Grover, S., & Sahoo, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5105-2_21 · Cited by 1
Jalalizadeh, B. (2022) · The Journal of Bahá’í Studies · doi:10.31581/jbs-31.1-2.297(2021 · Cited by 1
Reinel, M., Quevedo, Y., Hernández, C., Miño, V., & Rojas, A. (2022) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2021.2018730 · Cited by 1
“Consequently, at present, an increase in the prevalence of psychiatric and psychological symptoms such as stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, and uncertainty regarding the end of the pandemic is to be expected (Lima et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCase report: Vaccine Brigade Chicago, Illinois: From founding February to July, 2021
Blacksin, B. A. (2022) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13072 · Cited by 1
“These effects included high rates of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and general psychological stress (Serafini et al., 2020; Xiong et al., 2020).”
BackgroundExploring the Perceptions & Experiences of Breastfeeding Mothers During COVID 19 Lockdown
Igundunasse, A. T., Messigah, G., Odiase, N. O., & Ewelike, C. (2022) · American Journal of Qualitative Research · doi:10.29333/ajqr/11994 · Cited by 1
Dębska, M., Dębski, P. G., Główczyński, P., Rozpara, M., & Badura-Brzoza, K. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s352279 · Cited by 1
“The causes of the alarming severity level of symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic are seen primarily in the long-term stressful situation, which is based on the threat to human health and life, a disturbed sense of security exacerbated by the unpredictability of the disease, and the restrict…”
BackgroundA Lifestyle Disorder that Spared Nobody: Mental Health and COVID-19
Mittal, K., Magdalene, A. P., & Pathak, D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_8 · Cited by 1
Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Adult Population of Buenos Aires
Paz, J. J. H., Jacob, P. B., Igolnikof, D. B., García-Zamora, S., Sandoval, C., Cancer, M., Dávila, E. G., Wolff, S., WOLFF, D. A., & Picco, J. M. (2020) · doi:10.7775/rac.v88.i5.18857 · Cited by 1
Tiller-Ormord, J., Korte, C., & Friedberg, R. D. (2021) · Journal of Translational Science · doi:10.15761/jts.1000444 · Cited by 1
Disaster, Health, and Panic Buying
Menon, V., Vengadavaradan, A., & Faheem, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10278-3_5 · Cited by 1
A educação social e os direitos humanos em tempos de pandemia
Luísa, C. C. G. (2022) · Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social · doi:10.31211/rpics.2022.8.2.268 · Cited by 1
Understanding chronic pain on the gender spectrum: gender role expectations and the pandemic
Côté, C., Develay, É., Roy, M., Vachon‐Presseau, É., LUPIEN, S. J., Rainville, P., & Pagé, M. G. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Relations Intergroup Relations and Identity · doi:10.33921/nbqy3408 · Cited by 1
Psychosocial consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic in the context of psychiatric care
Czerska, I. (2022) · Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management Series · doi:10.29119/1641-3466.2022.158.10 · Cited by 1
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on University Students in Bahrain
Nair, A., Irfan, N., Nemrish, K., Perna, S., Al-Khalifa, D., Owen-Alkhaldi, A. M., Zameer, S. M., Kamali, M., & Jassim, G. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.33079 · Cited by 1
“isolation, fear, and sensorial deprivation are some products of the pandemic and have been related to anxiety and depression [6].”
BackgroundPrevalence of anxiety among the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh
Dixit, P., Thakur, S., Chauhan, S., Tiwari, S. K., & Srivastava, S. P. (2022) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223560 · Cited by 1
Putri, S. D. Y., & Handayani, S. (2022) · Jurnal Aisyah Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan · doi:10.30604/jika.v7is2.1547 · Cited by 1
Sari, N., Karuniawati, H., Yulianti, T. E., & Haq, A. H. B. (2022) · Atlantis Highlights in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences/Atlantis highlights in chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences · doi:10.2991/978-94-6463-050-3_9 · Cited by 1
“These factors will be exacerbated by prolonged quarantine duration, fear of infection, and inadequate information regarding COVID-19 [8].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., & Amore, M.
- Affiliations
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (IT)
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Serafini, G
- Venue
- QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-06-30
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 531-537
- ISSN
- 0033-5622 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2725
- 1460-2393
- PMC
- PMC7337855
- OpenAlex
- W3036526826
- Cited by
- 1,187
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 208 · 2022: 312 · 2021: 390 · 2020: 77
- FWCI
- 98.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- QJM (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- DINOGMI Department of Excellence of MIUR (2018-2022, 232/2016)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, stress, uncertainty, quarantine, risk factors, protective factors, mental illness, general population
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