Time-Lagged Moment-to-Moment Interplay Between Negative Affect and Paranoia: New Insights in the Affective Pathway to Psychosis
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Evidence suggests that affect plays a role in the development of psychosis but the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. This study examines the moment-to-moment dynamics between negative affect (NA) and paranoia prospectively in daily life. A female general population sample (n = 515) participated in an experience sampling study. Time-lagged analyses between increases in momentary NA and subsequent momentary paranoia were examined. The impact of childhood adversity, stress sensitivity (impact of momentary stress on momentary NA), and depressive symptoms on these time-lagged associations, as well as associations with follow-up self-reported psychotic symptoms (Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised) were investigated. Moments of NA increase resulted in a significant increase in paranoia over 180 subsequent minutes. Both stress sensitivity and depressive symptoms impacted on the transfer of NA to paranoia. Stress sensitivity moderated the level of increase in paranoia during the initial NA increase, while depressive symptoms increased persistence of paranoid feelings from moment to moment. Momentary paranoia responses to NA increases were associated with follow-up psychotic symptoms. Examination of microlevel momentary experience may thus yield new insights into the mechanism underlying co-occurrence of altered mood states and psychosis. Knowledge of the underlying mechanism is required in order to determine source and place where remediation should occur.
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Increases in negative affect were associated with increases in paranoia in experience sampling.
“For example, Kramer et al. (2014) used experience sampling to examine the moment-to-moment interplay between negative affect and the experience of paranoia, reporting that increases in negative affect were associated with increases in paranoia (see also, [34]).”
From A structural equation model of the relationship between insomnia, negative affect, and paranoid thinking (2017) · cites this paper as Kramer et al. (2014)
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- Authors
- Kramer, I., Simons, C. J. P., Wigman, J. T. W., Collip, D., Jacobs, N., Derom, C., Thiery, E., van Os, J., Myin-Germeys, I., & Wichers, M.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Kramer, I.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-02-13
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 278-286
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC3932075
- OpenAlex
- W2157823930
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 6.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- negative affect, paranoia
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Child Abuse, Depression, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Paranoid Disorders, Prospective Studies, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Disease Progression, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Young Adult
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