Sleep Problems and Disorders among Adolescents with Persistent and Subthreshold Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders
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STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the sleep schedules, problems, and disorders among adolescents with persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those with partially remitted ADHD symptoms. DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: National Taiwan University and schools in Taipei Patients or Participants: The sample included 281 adolescents (male, 85.4%; 145 with persistent ADHD, 136 with subthreshold ADHD), aged 11 to 17, who were diagnosed with ADHD, according to DSM-IV criteria, at the mean age of 6.7 years (SD = 3.0) and 185 unaffected control subjects. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We conducted psychiatric interviews of participants and their mothers using the Chinese Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Epidemiology version for making the diagnoses of ADHD, other psychiatric disorders, and sleep problems or disorders. We also collected the medication treatment data and parent and teacher reports of ADHD-related symptoms. Our results showed that adolescents with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, regardless of persistent ADHD, were more likely to have current and lifetime sleep problems and sleep disorders according to DSM-IV (insomnia, sleep terrors, nightmares, bruxism, and snoring). The presence of at least 1 psychiatric comorbid condition increased the risks for insomnia and nightmares. The use of methylphenidate was not associated with further increased risk of sleep problems, except bruxism. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a relationship between ADHD and sleep problems, which can be partially explained by the psychiatric comorbidities, but did not support a disturbed sleep schedule. Our study suggests that mental health professionals should screen for sleep problems and psychiatric comorbidities among adolescents with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD regardless of the severity of current ADHD symptoms.
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In children, there is a strong correlation between sleep terrors and sleepwalking and sleep talking.
“In children, there is a strong correlation between sleep terrors and sleepwalking and sleep talking (somniloquy) [36, 41, 57, 58].”
From Sleep Terrors: An Updated Review (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
Table 3 reports sleep terrors, sleepwalking, and sleep talking separately by ADHD group, and the Sample description compares each with controls. Neither passage tests whether these sleep phenomena correlate with one another, let alone strongly; searches for their co-occurrence and association found no such analysis. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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- Authors
- Gau, S. S.-F., & Chiang, H.-L.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- National Taiwan University Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Gau, Susan Shur-Fen
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 671-679
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2675902
- OpenAlex
- W2136122091
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health Research Institutes
- Astellas Pharma
- Cilag
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep disorders, adolescents, subthreshold ADHD, persistent ADHD, insomnia, nightmares, sleep terrors, bruxism, snoring, psychiatric comorbidity, methylphenidate, sleep schedule, sleep screening
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Wake Disorders, Taiwan, Comorbidity
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