Spectral Analysis of the Sleep Electroencephalogram During Adolescence
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe developmental changes of the human sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) during adolescence using EEG spectral analysis and specifically to compare the nocturnal dynamics of slow-wave activity (EEG spectral power 0.6-4.6 Hz, a marker for sleep homeostatic pressure) in prepubertal and mature adolescents. DESIGN: After 10 nights on a fixed 10-hour sleep schedule without daytime naps, participants were studied during a 10-hour baseline night. SETTING: Data were collected in a 4-bed sleep research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Eight prepubertal children (pubertal stage Tanner 1; mean age 11.3 years, SD +/- 1.2, 4 boys) and 8 mature adolescents (Tanner 5; mean age 14.1 years, +/- 1.3, 3 boys). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS: All-night polysomnography was performed. Sleep stages were scored according to conventional criteria. EEG power spectra (of derivation C3/A2) were calculated using a fast Fourier transform routine. RESULTS: A reduction of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage 4 (by 40.1%) and greater amounts of stage 2 sleep (19.7%) were found in mature compared to prepubertal adolescents. NREM sleep EEG power was lower in the frequency ranges < 7 Hz, 11.8 to 12.6 Hz, and 16.2 to 16.8 Hz in mature adolescents. A reduction of rapid eye movement sleep spectral power was present in the frequency ranges < 8.6 Hz and 9.6 to 15 Hz for mature compared to prepubertal adolescents. Slow-wave activity showed identical dynamics within individual NREM sleep episodes and across the night in both developmental groups. CONCLUSIONS: The homeostatic recuperative drive during sleep remains unchanged across puberty. The decline of slow-wave sleep during adolescence may reflect developmental changes of the brain rather than changes of sleep regulatory processes.
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The EEG during SWS shows developmental changes: amplitude and slope of slow waves and SWA increase until puberty at 10-12 years to levels higher than adults, then decrease.
“The EEG during SWS also shows typical changes during development: the amplitude and slope of slow waves as well as SWA (i.e., spectral power in the 0.5-4 Hz band, including both Ͻ1 Hz slow oscillation and 1-4 Hz delta activity) increases until the beginning of puberty at the age of 10 -12 years to levels distinctly higher than in adults, and thereafter starts to decrease (169, 604, 680).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [604]
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- Authors
- Jenni, O. G., & Carskadon, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Oskar G. Jenni
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-06-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 774-83
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W1246045855
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH52415, R01MH052415)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep EEG, adolescence, puberty, slow-wave activity, sleep homeostasis, NREM sleep, REM sleep, EEG spectral power, prepubertal children, brain development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Electroencephalography, Humans, Sleep, Sleep Stages
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