The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 102 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex-based differences in immune function and responses to vaccination
Open accessAbstract
Females typically develop higher antibody responses and experience more adverse reactions following vaccination than males. These differences are observed in response to diverse vaccines, including the bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, the yellow fever virus vaccine and influenza vaccines. Sex differences in the responses to vaccines are observed across diverse age groups, ranging from infants to aged individuals. Biological as well as behavioral differences between the sexes are likely to contribute to differences in the outcome of vaccination between the sexes. Immunological, hormonal, genetic and microbiota differences between males and females may also affect the outcome of vaccination. Identifying ways to reduce adverse reactions in females and increase immune responses in males will be necessary to adequately protect both sexes against infectious diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Yatsunenko, T., Rey, F. E., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo, G., Baldassano, R. N., Anokhin, A. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11053 · Cited by 7,815
Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity
Markle, J. G. M., Frank, D. N., Mortin-Toth, S., Robertson, C. E., Feazel, L. M., Rolle-Kampczyk, U., von Bergen, M., McCoy, K. D., Macpherson, A. J., & Danska, J. S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1233521 · Cited by 2,025
The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses
Fish, E. N. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2394 · Cited by 1,162
Self-citationSex hormones and the immune response in humans
Bouman, A., Heineman, M. J., & Faas, M. M. (2005) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi008 · Cited by 1,131
Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans
Querec, T. D., Akondy, R. S., Lee, E. K., Cao, W., Nakaya, H. I., Teuwen, D., Pirani, A., Gernert, K., Deng, J., Marzolf, B., et al. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1688 · Cited by 1,121
Cloning of Human Androgen Receptor Complementary DNA and Localization to the X Chromosome
Lubahn, D. B., Joseph, D. R., Sullivan, P. M., Willard, H. F., French, F. S., & Wilson, E. M. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3353727 · Cited by 1,016
Gender Bias in Autoimmunity Is Influenced by Microbiota
Yurkovetskiy, L., Burrows, M., Khan, A. A., Graham, L., Volchkov, P., Becker, L., Antonopoulos, D., Umesaki, Y., & Chervonsky, A. V. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.013 · Cited by 913
The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines
Klein, S. L., Jedlicka, A., & Pekosz, A. (2010) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70049-9 · Cited by 815
Self-citationFurman, D., Hejblum, B. P., Simon, N., Jojic, V., Dekker, C. L., Thiébaut, R., Tibshirani, R. J., & Davis, M. M. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1321060111 · Cited by 673
Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor–mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1
Meier, A., Chang, J. J., Chan, E. S., Pollard, R. B., Sidhu, H. K., Kulkarni, S., Wen, T. F., Lindsay, R. J., Orellana, L., Mildvan, D., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2004 · Cited by 594
Cited by
Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission
Peckham, H., de Gruijter, N. M., Raine, C., Radziszewska, A., Ciurtin, C., Wedderburn, L. R., Rosser, E. C., Webb, K., & Deakin, C. T. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19741-6 · Cited by 1,503
Lonardo, A., Nascimbeni, F., Ballestri, S., Fairweather, D., Win, S., Than, T. A., Abdelmalek, M. F., & Suzuki, A. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30626 · Cited by 1,050
Sex and Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Vaccination over the Life Course
Flanagan, K. L., Fink, A. L., Plebanski, M., & Klein, S. L. (2017) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060718 · Cited by 508
Self-citationSex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Fischinger, S., Boudreau, C. M., Butler, A. L., Streeck, H., & Alter, G. (2019) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-018-0726-5 · Cited by 410
Sex differences in severity and mortality from COVID-19: are males more vulnerable?
Pradhan, A., & Olsson, P.-E. (2020) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00330-7 · Cited by 313
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, S. L., Marriott, I., & Fish, E. N.
- Venue
- Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-15
- ISSN
- 0035-9203 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-3503
- OpenAlex
- W2133429650
- Cited by
- 542
- References
- 102
- FWCI
- 12.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sex-based differences in immune function and responses to vaccination. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/trstmh/tru167
- The paper
- Klein, S. L., Marriott, I., & Fish, E. N. (2015). Sex-based differences in immune function and responses to vaccination. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/tru167
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.