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Cited by 297Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderBehavioral and Psychological StudiesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

CONNOR, DANIEL F., FLETCHER, KENNETH E., SWANSON, JAMES M.·1999·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DOI 10.1097/00004583-199912000-00017
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Abstract

Objective Meta-analysis was used to review the literature on the clinical use of clonidine to treat symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Method A review of the literature from 1980 to 1999 revealed 39 studies that reported clonidine's efficacy and side effects for symptoms of ADHD and comorbid conditions. Of these, 11 reports provided sufficient information to be included in a meta-analysis.Results Meta-analysis using weighted variables revealed clonidine demonstrates a moderate effect size of 0.58 +/- 0.16 (95% confidence interval = 0.27-0.89) on symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD comorbid with conduct disorder, developmental delay, and tic disorders.Conclusions Clonidine may be an effective second-tier treatment for symptoms of ADHD, but it has an effect size less than that of stimulants. Clinical use of clonidine is associated with many side effects.

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  • Data from randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses show that atomoxetine and alpha-2-adrenergic agonists are more effective than placebo in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD, but as a class, they are less effective than stimulants.

    “Data from randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses show that atomoxetine and alpha-2-adrenergic agonists are more effective than placebo in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD, but as a class, they are less effective than stimulants [49, 55, 56].”

    From An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [55]

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Authors
CONNOR, D. F., FLETCHER, K. E., & SWANSON, J. M.
Affiliations
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Corresponding author
CONNOR, DANIEL F.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-12
Volume
38
Issue
12
Pages
1551-1559
ISSN
0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/00004583-199912000-00017
OpenAlex
W2013810982
Cited by
297
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 21
FWCI
1.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
clonidine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD symptoms, conduct disorder, developmental delay, tic disorders, adverse effects, children and adolescents
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Clonidine, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Disorders

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