The neuropsychopharmacology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Pliszka, Steven R.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.026

Cited by 276Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The neuropsychopharmacology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Pliszka, Steven R.·2005·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.026

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Abstract

More than three decades of research has attempted to elucidate the neuropsychopharmacology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Stimulants, a principle treatment for the disorder, act on the norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) systems; this has led to a long-standing hypothesis of catecholamine dysfunction in ADHD. Animal studies show a clear role for NE and DA in the modulation of executive functions, which are often disturbed in persons with ADHD. Nonstimulant agents that are effective in the treatment of ADHD tend to affect the NE system, whereas those affecting only DA, or those that affect neither catecholamine, are less potent in reducing ADHD symptoms. Studies of the effects of NE and DA peripheral metabolites by ADHD pharmacotherapies show acute increases in levels of these catecholamines; however, their long-term turnover may be reduced. Imaging studies suggest stimulants increases DA levels in the brain, whereas some animal models of ADHD are more consistent with excessive DA activation in the disorder. Ultimately, ADHD therapy may modify activity in the NE and DA systems to a more optimal level, thus improving responses to environmental stimuli and enhancing working memory and executive function.

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An attenuated Pe in ADHD agrees with the catecholamine hypothesis that next to the dopaminergic system, the NE system is involved in the pathology of ADHD.
“An attenuated Pe in ADHD, moreover, agrees with the catecholamine hypothesis that next to the dopaminergic system, the NE system is involved in the pathology of ADHD (Pliszka, 2005).”
From Error and feedback processing in children with ADHD and children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: An EEG event-related potential study (2008) · cites this paper as Pliszka, 2005
The NE system is involved in the pathology of ADHD.
“the catecholamine hypothesis that next to the dopaminergic system, the NE system is involved in the pathology of ADHD (Pliszka, 2005).”
From Error and feedback processing in children with ADHD and children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: An EEG event-related potential study (2008) · cites this paper as Pliszka, 2005

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Authors: Pliszka, S. R.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
Corresponding author: Pliszka, Steven R.
ORCID: Pliszka, Steven R.
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-06
Volume: 57
Issue: 11
Pages: 1385-1390
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.026
OpenAlex: W1988693352
Cited by: 276
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 2.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neuropsychopharmacology, stimulant medication, norepinephrine, dopamine, executive function, working memory, animal model of ADHD, catecholamine turnover
MeSH terms: Animals, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Dopamine, Drug Interactions, Humans, Neuropharmacology, Norepinephrine, Psychopharmacology

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The neuropsychopharmacology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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