The Prevalence and Effects of Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Work Performance in a Nationally Representative Sample of Workers
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and workplace consequences of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are unknown. METHODS: An ADHD screen was included in a national household survey (n = 3198, ages 18-44). Clinical re-interviews calibrated the screen to diagnoses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition ADHD. Diagnoses among workers were compared with responses to the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). RESULTS: A total of 4.2% of workers had ADHD. ADHD was associated with 35.0 days of annual lost work performance, with higher associations among blue collar (55.8 days) than professional (12.2 days), technical (19.8 days), or service (32.6 days) workers. These associations represent 120 million days of annual lost work in the U.S. labor force, equivalent to dollar 19.5 billion lost human capital. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD is a common and costly workplace condition. Effectiveness trials are needed to estimate the region of interest of workplace ADHD screening and treatment programs.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ADHD is associated with substantial individual impacts such as difficulties in interpersonal functioning, educational and occupational performance, and community activities.
“it is associated with substantial individual impacts such as difficulties in interpersonal functioning, educational and occupational performance, and community activities [6-9].”
Prevalence of ADHD in adults estimated from epidemiological studies is 2-5%.
“The prevalence of ADHD in adults estimated from epidemiological studies is in the range of 2-5% [16-19].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
Long-term follow-up, epidemiological, and clinical studies have shown that adults with untreated ADHD, compared to normal controls, experience higher rates of academic failure, low occupational status, increased risk of substance use disorders, accidents, and delinquency, and have fewer social relationships or friends.
“Long-term follow-up, epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that adults with untreated ADHD, when compared to normal controls, experience higher rates of academic failure, low occupational status, increased risk of substance use disorders (tobacco, alcohol or drugs), accidents and delinquency, and have fewer social relationships or friends [18,121,127,131,243,244].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
Cites
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · see citing works
Self-citationKessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik, K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716 · Cited by 3,886 · see citing works
Self-citationKESSLER, R. C., ADLER, L., AMES, M., DEMLER, O., FARAONE, S., HIRIPI, E., HOWES, M. J., JIN, R., SECNIK, K., SPENCER, T., et al. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002892 · Cited by 3,452 · see citing works
Self-citation(1998) · Cited by 2,026 · see citing works
Biederman, J. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.816 · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
Introduction to Variance Estimation.
King, B. F., & Wolter, K. M. (1987) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289497 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Mannuzza, S. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.2.279 · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works
Self-citationThe World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ)
Kessler, R. C., Barber, C., Beck, A. L., Berglund, P. A., Cleary, P. D., McKenas, D. K., Pronk, N., Simon, G. E., Stang, P., Üstün, T. B., et al. (2003) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000052967.43131.51 · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Self-citationDSM-IV field trials for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.11.1673 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R): design and field procedures
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P. A., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Heeringa, S. G., Hiripi, E., Jin, R., Pennell, B., Walters, E. E., Zaslavsky, A. M., et al. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.167 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
Self-citationAtomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two randomized, placebo-controlled studies
Michelson, D., Adler, L., Spencer, T., Reimherr, F. W., West, S. A., Allen, A. J., Kelsey, D., Wernicke, J., Dietrich, A., & Milton, D. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01671-2 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropsychology of Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review.
Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., & Curry, J. F. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.485 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Bessler, A., Malloy, P., & LaPadula, M. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.4.493 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
WEISS, G., HECHTMAN, L., MILROY, T., & PERLMAN, T. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60450-7 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R): background and aims
Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.166 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Self-citationAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: Comorbidities and adaptive impairments
Murphy, K., & Barkley, R. A. (1996) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90022-x · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperactive Children Grown Up: ADHD in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. T. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Weiss, G. (1986) · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Jensen, P. S., Rubio‐Stipec, M., CANINO, G. J., BIRD, H. R., Dulcan, M. K., Schwab‐Stone, M., & LAHEY, B. B. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199912000-00019 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Lifespan
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.103945 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of Adhd in School-Age Children
Scahill, L., & Schwab‐Stone, M. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30106-8 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
WENDER, P. H., WOLF, L. E., & WASSERSTEIN, J. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05770.x · Cited by 498 · see citing works
The effects of chronic medical conditions on work loss and work cutback
Kessler, R. C., Greenberg, P. E., Mickelson, K. D., Meneades, L. M., & Wang, P. S. (2001) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/00043764-200103000-00009 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationKessler, R. C., Ames, M., Hymel, P. A., Loeppke, R., McKenas, D. K., Richling, D. E., Stang, P., & Üstün, T. B. (2004) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000126683.75201.c5 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationAdults with ADHD. An overview.
Wender, P. H., Wolf, L. E., & Wasserstein, J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
Wilens, T. E. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.5.619 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Comparing The National Economic Burden Of Five Chronic Conditions
Druss, B. G., Marcus, S. C., Olfson, M., Tanielian, T., Elinson, L., & Pincus, H. A. (2001) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.20.6.233 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Murphy, P., & Schachar, R. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1156 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Turner, D. C., Clark, L., Dowson, J., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.008 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Diagnosis and evaluation of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Adler, L., & Cohen, J. (2004) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2003.12.003 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationSpencer, T., Biederman, J., Wilens, T., Faraone, S., Prince, J., Gerard, K., Doyle, R., Parekh, A., Kagan, J., & Bearman, S. K. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.8.775 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationHeiligenstein, E., Conyers, L. M., Berns, A. R., & Smith, M. A. (1998) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448489809595609 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Wang, P. S., Beck, A., Berglund, P., Leutzinger, J. A., Pronk, N., Richling, D., Schenk, T. W., Simon, G., Stang, P., Ustun, T. B., et al. (2003) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000100200.90573.df · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: increased costs for patients and their families
SWENSEN, A. R., BIRNBAUM, H. G., SECNIK, K., MARYNCHENKO, M., GREENBERG, P., & CLAXTON, A. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200312000-00008 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationIncidence and costs of accidents among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients.
Swensen, A., Birnbaum, H., Ben-Hamadi, R., Greenberg, P., Crémieux, P., & Secnik, K. (2004) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.12.003 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationZucker, M., Morris, M. K., Ingram, S. M., Morris, R. D., & Bakeman, R. (2002) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.379 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Schweitzer, J. B., Lee, D. O., Hanford, R. B., Zink, C. F., Ely, T. D., Tagamets, M. A., Hoffman, J. M., Grafton, S. T., & Kilts, C. D. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.07.011 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Ratey, J. J., Greenberg, M. S., Bemporad, J. R., & LINDEM, K. J. (1992) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1992.2.267 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults
Pary, R., Lewis, S., Matuschka, P. R., Rudzinskiy, P., Safi, M., & Lippmann, S. (2002) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1023/a:1016807021779 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Adult ADHD: Analysis of Self‐ratings on a Behavior Questionnaire
De QUIROS, G. B., & KINSBOURNE, M. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05777.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults
Pary, R., Lewis, S., Matuschka, P. R., et al. (2002) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10401230209149097 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Diagnosing ADD-H in adolescents.
Gittelman, R. K., & Mannuzza, S. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Spotlight on Atomoxetine in Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1
Simpson, D., & Plosker, G. L. (2004) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200418060-00011 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis
Simon, V., Czobor, P., Bálint, S., Mészáros, Á., & Bitter, I. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048827 · Cited by 1,601 · see citing works
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
“…with untreated ADHD, when compared to normal controls, experience higher rates of academic failure, low occupational status, increased risk of substance use disorders (tobacco, alcohol or drugs), accidents and delinquency, and have fewer social relationships or friends [18,121,127,131,243,244].”
Frodl, T., & Skokauskas, N. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01786.x · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Elia, J., Gai, X., Xie, H. M., Perin, J. C., Geiger, E., Glessner, J. T., D'arcy, M., deBerardinis, R., Frackelton, E., Kim, C., et al. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.57 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Brookes, K., Xu, X., Chen, W., Zhou, K., Neale, B., Lowe, N., Aneey, R., Franke, B., Gill, M., Ebstein, R., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001869 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Economic impact of childhood and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United States
Doshi, J. A., Hodgkins, P., Kahle, J., Sikirica, V., Cangelosi, M. J., Setyawan, J., Erder, M. H., & Neumann, P. J. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.07.008 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Sandra Kooij, J. J., Marije Boonstra, A., Swinkels, S. H. N., Bekker, E. M., de Noord, I., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707299367 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
de Graaf, R., Kessler, R. C., Fayyad, J., ten Have, M., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Borges, G., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2008) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2007.038448 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationKessler, R. C., Green, J. G., Adler, L. A., Barkley, R. A., Chatterji, S., Faraone, S. V., Finkelman, M., Greenhill, L. L., Gruber, M. J., Jewell, M., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.146 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationA Combined Treatment Approach for Adults With ADHD—Results of an Open Study of 43 Patients
Rostain, A. L., & Ramsay, J. R. (2006) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054706288110 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Castells, X., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Rigau, D., Bosch, R., Nogueira, M., Vidal, X., & Casas, M. (2011) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11539440-000000000-00000 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Ginsberg, Y., Hirvikoski, T., & Lindefors, N. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-112 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Lane, M., Stang, P. E., & Van Brunt, D. L. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003309 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationFranke, B., Vasquez, A. A., Johansson, S., Hoogman, M., Romanos, J., Boreatti-Hümmer, A., Heine, M., Jacob, C. P., Lesch, K.-P., Casas, M., et al. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.170 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Rogers, M., Hwang, H., Toplak, M., Weiss, M., & Tannock, R. (2011) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2010.544648 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Treatment Strategies for Co-Occurring ADHD and Substance Use Disorders
Mariani, J. J., & Levin, F. R. (2007) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490601082783 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Riggs, P. D., Winhusen, T., Davies, R. D., Leimberger, J. D., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S., Klein, C., Macdonald, M., Lohman, M., Bailey, G. L., Haynes, L., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.06.010 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Psychiatric Comorbidity at the Time of Diagnosis in Adults With ADHD: The CAT Study
Piñeiro-Dieguez, B., Balanzá-Martínez, V., García-García, P., Soler-López, B., & the CAT Study Group (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713518240 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mongia, M., & Hechtman, L. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0303-x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
ADHD at the workplace: ADHD symptoms, diagnostic status, and work-related functioning
Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., Butzbach, M., Weisbrod, M., Aschenbrenner, S., & Tucha, O. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02309-z · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Mick, E., Faraone, S. V., Spencer, T., Zhang, H. F., & Biederman, J. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707308468 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures
Emser, T. S., Johnston, B. A., Steele, J. D., Kooij, S., Thorell, L., & Christiansen, H. (2018) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-018-0143-x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Sarris, J., Kean, J., Schweitzer, I., & Lake, J. (2011) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.007 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Motor regulation problems and pain in adults diagnosed with ADHD
Stray, L. L., Kristensen, Ø., Lomeland, M., Skorstad, M., Stray, T., & Tønnessen, F. E. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-9-18 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hepark, S., Janssen, L., de Vries, A., Schoenberg, P. L. A., Donders, R., Kan, C. C., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2019) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715613587 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Responsiveness of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Quality of Life Scale (AAQoL)
Matza, L. S., Johnston, J. A., Faries, D. E., Malley, K. G., & Brod, M. (2007) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-007-9254-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationBiederman, J., Mick, E., Fried, R., Wilner, N., Spencer, T. J., & Faraone, S. V. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.11.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, E. Q., Hodgkins, P., Ben-Hamadi, R., Setyawan, J., Xie, J., Sikirica, V., Du, E. X., Yan, S. Y., & Erder, M. H. (2012) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11633900-000000000-00000 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Schein, J., Adler, L. A., Childress, A., Gagnon-Sanschagrin, P., Davidson, M., Kinkead, F., Cloutier, M., Guérin, A., & Lefebvre, P. (2022) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2021.21290 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Dexmethylphenidate Extended-Release Capsules in Adult ADHD
Adler, L. A., Spencer, T., McGough, J. J., Jiang, H., & Muniz, R. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708320397 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Management
Rostain, A. L. (2008) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1905 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Do stimulants improve functioning in adults with ADHD?
Surman, C. B. H., Hammerness, P. G., Pion, K., & Faraone, S. V. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.02.010 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Is Work-Related Rumination Associated with Deficits in Executive Functioning?
Cropley, M., Zijlstra, F. R. H., Querstret, D., & Beck, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01524 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Women with ADHD: It is an explanation, not the excuse du jour
Waite, R. (2010) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2010.00254.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fallu, A., Richard, C., Prinzo, R., & Binder, C. (2006) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079906x154132 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Are Motivation Deficits Underestimated in Patients With ADHD? A Review of the Literature
Modesto-Lowe, V., Chaplin, M., Soovajian, V., & Meyer, A. (2013) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.07.2677 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Moen, M. D., & Keam, S. J. (2009) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11201140-000000000-00000 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Integrative Couples Group Treatment for Emerging Adults With ADHD Symptoms
Wymbs, B. T., & Molina, B. S. G. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.06.008 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Atomoxetine Treatment in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Wietecha, L. A., Williams, D. W., Herbert, M., Melmed, R. D., Greenbaum, M., & Schuh, K. (2009) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2008.074 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Mick, E., Spencer, T., Surman, C., & Faraone, S. V. (2012) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00233.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationWetterling, F., McCarthy, H., Tozzi, L., Skokauskas, N., O'Doherty, J. P., Mulligan, A., Meaney, J., Fagan, A. J., Gill, M., & Frodl, T. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22944 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Murphy, D., Glaser, K., Hayward, H., Eklund, H., Cadman, T., Findon, J., Woodhouse, E., Ashwood, K., Beecham, J., Bolton, P., et al. (2018) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar06020 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the symptoms of ADHD are known to interfere with both educational and employment activities due to a combination of restless overactivity and impulsivity, and the problems associated with inattention, forgetfulness and problems with self-organisation.(95,105) This suggests that ADHD itself may lead direct…”
BackgroundZimovetz, E. A., Joseph, A., Ayyagari, R., & Mauskopf, J. A. (2018) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-016-0864-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tsirmpas, C., Nikolakopoulou, M., Kaplow, S., Andrikopoulos, D., Fatouros, P., Kontoangelos, K., & Papageorgiou, C. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/48362 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These measures are of particular relevance to the patient population, which faces a serious disruption to life domains [8-10 ,”
Background
- Authors
- Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Barkley, R. A., Birnbaum, H., Greenberg, P., Johnston, J. A., Spencer, T., & ??st??n, T. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kessler, Ronald C.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 565-572
- ISSN
- 1076-2752 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2154077719
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 11.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- National Institutes of Health (5r13mh066849-04, 5r01mh069864-04, 5r01mh070884-05)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- National Institute of Mental Health (R13-MH-066849, R01‐MH070884, U01MH060220, R01‐MH069864)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016558)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, ADHD prevalence, employee performance, productivity loss, occupational health, blue-collar workers, human capital loss, workplace screening
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Efficiency, Employee Performance Appraisal, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Prevalence, Workplace
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
